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X2012-3186 - Alternative Material & Methods
CITY '0F NEV!VP0R-. BEACH BUILDINGd�P��a;,: SUILDrt MEN T 3300 Newport Boulevard, P.O. Box 1768, Newport Beach, CA 92658 bFNEWrORTgFACE CALIFORNIA CASE- NO.: 'r ❑ REQUEST FOR MODIFICATION TO PROVISIONS OF TITLE 15'OF THE NEWGPORT BEACH MUNICIPAL CODE See Reverse for Basis for Approval) (Fee $250) REQUEST FOR ALTERNATE MATERIAL OR METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION (See Reverse for Basis for Approval) (Fee $250) ❑ REQUEST FOR EXEMPTION FROM DISABLED ACCESS DUE TO PHYSICAL OR LEGAL CONSTRAINT (Fee $8230)' ; (Ratification by the Board ofAppeals will tre requtred.):: For above requests, complete Sect pns 1, 2 & 3 below by printing in ink or typing., JOB ADDRESS SITE ADDRESS: 7-L22 t �cMNP01? T 5(6Ft7 Owner 6TCo FtuMES Address 995z S SAt-kTp, t-lWtGA 5"P,SUITE BefeyZ q Flies C.a.. Zip 507-(z Daytime Phone ( 3to ) Co91 - S500 Submit olans if Plan Check# z363-2aic #of StoriesPi�.t�.,..-e.' Occupancy Classification Sz Use of Building ' : ofUnits Project Status ..Z- 0 �/#� - Cl-_nl.l��o, Construction Type =P Verified bye No. of Items C9 M Fee due Z S-D. — 'DISTRIBUTION: ❑ -.Owner Plan Che&7�y - ❑ Petitioner LJ Inspector ❑ Fire, ❑ Other PETITIONER ADDRESS: Petitioner (�A itSo(Slt4E AytcMtZeertsl�ies (Petitioner to be ar6hitect or engineer) Address 20250 YAcAcAA i5-r s 1tZE Ztoo Oe..tFa+�:t t,c^ Zip 92(a(at�) Daytme.Phone- (9qg) ?ta.• 20-7o at. Additional sheets or data may be attached 11 t� me _ 3 1JUSTIFICATIONWINDINGS OF EQUIVALENCYi CODE SECTIONSr. , Tits ( ca �7 l has A? Fri G-cY of S 3-` 25 2G. t-tA�(( TC-sTlrtG S'j tNc. WA:5 A2-s0 QYLoVt¢Bp �XT t a e e oat «12t-i�7 .tuZY.T St(.€ E,ZF! 6t.o 1c0'4- -r-+e P Sri Cao Ntt FtoPe &art tls t,,trcN,t (z �z ti T T. TOIQ Nil VT N 5 . ,. f.toa-C(0&4 qp-p�tp-r.. Petitioner's Signature_ / Posiuen �'li.�M([)PJr t w4at � CA Profession, � Lic. � 91-'r0¢ t Date_gJ 3 FOR STAFF USE OI& Y DEPARTMENT ACTION: In accordance with: ❑ CBC Appendix 104.11 ❑ CBC Appendix 104.10 (Altemate materials & methods) (CBC Modification) ❑ Concurrence from the Fire Marshal is required. ❑ Approved ❑ Disapproved ❑ Written Comments Attached By. Date - ❑- Request (DOES) (DOES NOT) lessen any fire protection requirements. ❑ Request (DOES) (DOES NOT) lessen the structural integrity' " The Request is Granted. ❑ Denied (See reverse for Granted (Ratification required) appealinformation) a Print Name n r APPEAL Oi°-Bf�PARTMENT ACTION TO THE BUILDING BOARD OF APPEALS (See Reverse) (Signature, statement of owner or applicant, statement of reasons for appeal and filing fees are required.) CASHIER RECEIPT NUMBER: K% r (I $ ®L Formslregmodif 01/20/10 BOARD OF BUILDING AND SAFETY COMMISSIONERS MARSHA L. BROWN PRESIDENT VAN AMBATIELOS VICE-PRESIDENT VICTOR H. CUEVAS HELENA JUBANY ELENORE A. WILLIAMS Tremco, Incorporated 3735 Green Road Beachwood, OH 44122 Attn: Tim Mattox (216) 514-7566 Local Representative: Gus Pinon (562) 795-7727 CITY OF • i CALIFORNIA is ANTONIO'VILLARAIGOSA MAYOR DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING AND SAFETY 201 NORTH FIGUEROA STREET LOS ANGELES, CA M012 ROBERT R. 'BUD" OVROM GENERAL MANAGER RAYMOND S. CHAN, P.E., S.E. EXECUTIVE OFFICER RESEARCH REPORT: RR 25425 (CSI 407100) Expires: May 01, 2012 Issued Date: May 01, 2010 Code: 2008 LABC GENERAL APPROVAL — Renewal - Paraseal GM for below -grade wall and slab waterproofing and gas membrane. DETAILS Paraseal GM is a composite -sheet waterproofing and gas membrane that combines a 60 mil layer of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with expandable quality bentonite granular. Paraseal GM comes in 4' by 24'standard rolls or 8' by 170' and 17.5' by 170' rolls upon request. The approval is subject to the following conditions: 1. Complete details for the membrane system are submitted for plan check and a building permit is obtained. 2. Installation of the materials shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions and as specified herein. A copy shall be kept at the job site. 3. Installation shall be performed by an installer approved by the manufacturer. 4. All membrane joints shall have a minimum 5-inch seam lap, sealed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. RR 25425 Pagel of 3 LADES Gs(Rev.vl 0) AN EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY- AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER Tremco, Incorporated RE: Paraseal GM for below -grade wall and slab waterproofing and gas membrane 5. Testing for leaks at membrane lap seals and other membrane joint seals including penetrations through the slab shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's quality control manual. A copy shall be at the job site. 6. Protection for the membrane shield shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's written installation instructions and approved by the engineer of the record. 7. Prior to placing the concrete slab over the membrane, the membrane installer shall certify the membrane to be installed and tested in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and to be free of leaks. S. The membrane shield is not be placed under the building footings. 9. For gas membrane installation, continuous inspection by a registered deputy inspector certified by Tremco, Incorporated, and registered in accordance with the requirements specified in section 91.1704 of the Los Angeles Municipal Code for special inspection is required. 10. All seams shall be tested with a vacuum box to the satisfaction of the special inspector. 11. The bentonite cannot get wet and activate before compaction is placed on or against membrane. RR 25425 Page 2 of 3 Tremco, Incorporated RE: Paraseal GM for below -grade wall and slab waterproofing and gas membrane DISCUSSION The report is in compliance with 2008 Los Angeles Building Code. Waterproofing approval is based on Research Report 24709. Approval allows the use of the product on a bentonite layer with pneumatically applied concrete (gunite or shotcrete), is based on the test report by southern California Soil and Testing, Incorporated. Addressee to whom this Research Report is issued is responsible for providing copies of it, complete with any attachments indicated, to architects, engineers and builders using items approved herein in design or construction which must be approved by Department of Building and Safety Engineers and Inspectors. This general approval of an equivalent alternate to the Code is only valid where an engineer and/or inspector of this Department has determined that all conditions of this Approval have been met in the project in which it is to be used. WILLIAM STUTSMAN, Chief Engineering Research Section 201 N. Figueroa St., Room 880 Los Angeles, CA 90012 Phone - 213-202-9812 Fax- 213-202-9943 W: m. RM5425USWord 00I nos/mne M6/1402.4/7104K1105 RR 25425 Page 3 of 3 BRIJ jifilik Product Specs /Testing Applicant: Etco Homes Plan Checl<# 2363 — 2010 WARRANTYREQUEST FROMM Shapirw Pkqa� I AMWATOR American Product Coatings TOM 2136f.Salboastud. 90',N. ustio-St Sic 136 Oraoi'T Nempoort Beach, CA SMI a, CA 132067 ARCHIUM SkidalrAftsoc. Arck DAW 11"IT 1197 Im TIALL&TION rr,'ComptEn Im Othev - Basement BolowGradQ, ;OF WORK 1=0 SQWFT Ekedol Concrete 720 Newport Center Dr. Ste. ll�M 'Now NmVort Reach, CACA W660 Txterlor CoMml'N ff':''ll8%6SYP 'Warrouty Administrator Ommmilit, -- M -0, " , P 'P Parase4l;. fA,TA#W4%r' araseal Superstap'Rikcitional Years Lowry @ Asso Artthaim,, CA Arren'can Produd[Z�s 714,235 M3 M00"eirmil6ko Ugm T I remDrain'System = 10 Additional Years PROJECT Albattal Project APPLICATOR American Product Coatings NAME 2258 Channel Road 960 N. Tustin St Ste. 136 Newport Beach, CA 92661 Orange, CA 92867 ARCHITECT- Nabil Elkotn DATE 3/19/2010 ENGINEER n/a INSTALLATION Newport Beach, CA n/a COMPLETE TYPE Other - Basement - Below Grade GENERAL ekedal Concrete OF WORK 3500 SQ FT CONTRACTOR 220 Newport Center Dr. Ste. 11-288 New newport Beach, CA, CA 92660 Exterior Control Number: 118356SYP Warranty Administrator Comments: Type of Warranty Requested: TREMSYSTEM Paraseal Number of Years Requested: 10 Building Elevation: 2 Dollar Value of Warranted Material: $15,000.00 Products: Paraseal GM , Saltwater Paraseal Superstop = 5 Additional Years TremDrain = 5 Additional Years Distributor: Sunshine Supply Anaheim, CA Warranty Requested by:Mylo Marquez American Product Coatings 714 235 7303 mylo-apc@earthlink.net An 1 1 i ComparV � A E r r r• } 4'j�!"III r c a ss Control Nuft6e ;- 111576SYP Warranty Administrator -Commode k 1 3. i T.:, a r • .. Prods Paraseal, Paraasal GM? , t a r Psraseal Superstep f ;Atd iQnat Y st Vniribnmr. Lowry; Asaq i t Ansheir- , -(�A- axa?am;�%: iay:`Myia' Mtarqua� ,Arrican Product Coatings 7 - mylarapi eartbt`it9k nat M� APPLICATOR American Product Caaten , 960 N.Tustin St. Ste.136-. Orange. 92867 'DATE Alts,29,12010 INMIALLAT(Ow Comm T > , tither -Under Ground Basoment - DJFWORKBelaw%raule 15U0 5Q 1�T' Now PROJECT NAME ARCIBTECT- ENGINEER GENERAL CONTRACTOR Wet Paws LLC / Shapiro Project APPLICATOR American Product Coatings 2136 E. Balboa Blvd. 960 N. Tustin St. Ste. 136 Newport Beach, CA 92660, CA 92660 Orange, CA 92867 Sinclair Assoc. Arch. 1007 Broxton Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90024 Ekedal Concrete Inc. 220 Newport Center Dr. #11-288 Newport Beach, CA 92660 Control Number: 115532SYP Warranty Administrator Comments: Type of Warranty Requested: TREMSYSTEM Paraseal Number of Years Requested: 10 Building Elevation: 2 Dollar Value of Warranted Material: $40,000.00 DATE 5/30/2009 INSTALLATION COMPLETE TYPE Other - Basement / Parking Garage - OF WORK Below Grade 11000 SQ FT New Products: Paraseal GM , Saltwater Paraseal Superstop = 5 Additional Years TremDrain = 5 Additional Years Distributor: Lowry & Assoc. Anaheim, CA Warranty Requested by:Mylo Marquez American Product Coatings 714 235 7303 mylo-apc@earthlink.net An MM. Canpany PROJECT NAME ARCHITECT - ENGINEER O'Neil Project 1827 Bayadere Terrace Corona Del Mar, CA 92625 GENERAL Ekedal Masonry & Concrete CONTRACTOR 220 Newport Center Dr. Ste 11-228 Newport Beach, CA 92660 Control Number: 113805SYP Warranty Administrator Comments: Type of Warranty Requested: TREMSYSTEM Paraseal Number of Years Requested: 10 Building Elevation: 3 Dollar Value of Warranted Material: $15,000.00 Products: Paraseal TremDrain = 5 Additional Years Distributor: Sunshine Suppy Company Anaheim, CA Warranty Requested by:Mylo Marquez American Product Coatings 714 235 7303 mylo-apc@earthlink.net An rf.M Company y APPLICATOR American Product Coatings / APC 960 N. Tustin St. Ste. 136 Orange, CA 92867 DATE - 5/30/2009 INSTALLATION COMPLETE TYPE Other - Under Ground Basement - OFWORK Below Grade 5500 SQ FT New PR CT timijProject APPIYTCATOR American Product Costi4p tAPC NOW 8 Bo on Bay Avenue 960' N.Tnotin St. Sto.136 Ne"ort`Roach„ CA RM_ Orange, CA 92867 ARCHt19EM DATA, 4624nOO9 Il R MWALLATION COWLM Other -Under Gm, und'8aasemid -00NMAL Harto*p t~aaa%tructiont-o"Wa ry OF -WORK 8e10,W';GTI 10 COP�LRAGTOR 1001 CIttradve 3600 :FT Nowport Ile", CA 92664, New,,_. Contral'Dit mbar. 113421 SYP arrantty Adrdaatrtr, atur Cemtmats; Twiorww"Uty-pt"Ussod. TREMSYSfEM Pacaseol 1tTa oor, af"Yenrt I flaquexted. 10 U =�levaiion:>3' df't�arranted `aL• �1��t!(�:i Y uI Y f ':F 1 1V MY Allfwcorvorv, PROJECT Dinh Project NAME 12 Mystique Newport Beach, CA 92667 ARCHITECT- EPIGINEER GENERAL Ekedal Masonry & Concrete CONTRACTOR 537 Newport Center Dr. #288 Newport Beach, CA 92660 Control Number: 111736SYP Warranty Administrator Comments: Type of Warranty Requested: TREMSYSTEM Paraseal Number of Years Requested: 10 Building Elevation: 2 Dollar Value of Warranted Material: $12,000.00 Products: Paraseal, Paraseal LG Superstop = 5 Additional Years Distributor: Lowry & Associates Anaheim, CA Warranty Requested by:Mylo Marquez American Product Coatings 714 235 7303 mylo-apc@earthlink.net All .M Company APPLICATOR DATE INSTALLATION COMPLETE American Product Coatings 960 N. Tustin St. Ste, 136 Orange, CA 92867 11/10/2008 TYPE Other - This is a Site Retaining wall - OF WORK Below Grade 1500 SQ FT New TremDrain System = 10 Additional Years PROJECT Howarth Residence NAME 514 Via Lido Sound Newport Beach, CA 92660 ARCHITECT- Studio Del Mar ENGINEER 2855 E Coast #234 Corona Del Mar, CA 92625 GENERAL Patterson Construction CONTRACTOR 421 31St Street Unit B Newport Beach, CA 92663 Control Number: 112230SYP Warranty Administrator Comments: Type of Warranty Requested: TREMSYSTEM Paraseal Number of Years Requested: 10 Building Elevation: 2 Dollar Value of Warranted Material: $10,010.67 APPLICATOR APE Coating & Waterproofing 18032-C Lemon Drive Yorba Linda, CA 92886 DATE 9/30/2008 INSTALLATION COMPLETE TYPE Other - Custom Home - Below Grade OF WORK 9000 SQ FT New Exterior Products: Paraseal, Paraseal GM Superstop = 5 Additional Years TremDrain = 5 Additional Years Distributor: Harry Lowry Anaheim, CA Warranty Requested by:Alex Moody APE Coating & Waterproofi 714-420-4331 zoomer2@hotmail.com An ! 1 1 Company BOARD OF BUILDING AND SAFETY COMMISSIONERS MARSHA L. BROWN PRESIDENT VAN AMBATIELOS VICE-PRESIDENT VICTOR H. CUEVAS HELENAJUBANY ELENORE A. WILLIAMS Tremco, Incorporated 3 73 5 Green Road Beachwood, OH 44122 Attn: Tim Mattox (216)514-7566 Local Representative: Gus Pinon (562)795-7727 CITY OF Los ANGELES CALIFORNIA is ANTONIO R. VILLARAIGOSA MAYOR DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING AND SAFETY 201 NORTH FIGUEROA STREET LOS ANGELES, CA 90012 ROBERT R. "BUD" OVROM GENERAL MANAGER RAYMOND S. CHAN, P.E., S.E. EXECUTIVE OFFICER RESEARCH REPORT: RR 25425 (CSI #07100) Expires: May 01, 2012 Issued Date: May 01, 2010 Code: 2008 LABC GENERAL APPROVAL — Renewal - Paraseal GM for below -grade wall and slab waterproofing and gas membrane. DETAILS Paraseal GM is a composite -sheet waterproofing and gas membrane that combines a 60 mil layer of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with expandable quality bentonite granular. Paraseal GM comes in 4' by 24'standard rolls or 8' by 170' and 17.5' by 170' rolls upon request. The approval is subject to the following conditions: 1. Complete details for the membrane system are submitted for plan check and a building permit is obtained. 2. Installation of the materials shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions and as specified herein. A copy shall be kept at the job site. 3. Installation shall be performed by an installer approved by the manufacturer. 4. All membrane joints shall have a minimum 5-inch seam lap, sealed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. RR 25425 Pagel of 3 IADSS G-E (Rev.1/10) AN EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY -AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER Tremco, Incorporated RE: Paraseal GM for below -grade wall and slab waterproofing and gas membrane 5. Testing for leaks at membrane lap seals and other membrane joint seals including penetrations through the slab shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's quality control manual. A copy shall be at the job site. 6. Protection for the membrane shield shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's written installation instructions and approved by the engineer of the record. 7. Prior to placing the concrete slab over the membrane, the membrane installer shall certify the membrane to be installed and tested in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and to be free of leaks. 8. The membrane shield is not be placed under the building footings. 9. For gas membrane installation, continuous inspection by a registered deputy inspector certified by Tremco, Incorporated, and registered in accordance with the requirements specified in section 91.1704 of the Los Angeles Municipal Code for special inspection is required. 10. All seams shall be tested with a vacuum box to the satisfaction of the special inspector. 11. The bentonite cannot get wet and activate before compaction is placed on or against membrane. RR 25425 Page 2 of 3 Tremco, Incorporated RE: Paraseal GM for below -grade wall and slab waterproofing and gas membrane DISCUSSION The report is in compliance with 2008 Los Angeles Building Code. Waterproofing approval is based on Research Report 24709. Approval allows the use of the product on a bentonite layer with pneumatically applied concrete (gunite or shotcrete), is based on the test report by southern California Soil and Testing, Incorporated. Addressee to whom this Research Report is issued is responsible for providing copies of it, complete with any attachments indicated, to architects, engineers and builders using items approved herein in design or construction which must be approved by Department of Building and Safety Engineers and Inspectors. This general approval of an equivalent alternate to the Code is only valid where an engineer and/or inspector of this Department has determined that all conditions of this Approval have been met in the project in which it is to be used. WILLIAM STUTSMAN, Chief Engineering Research Section 201 N. Figueroa St., Room 880 Los Angeles, CA 90012 Phone - 213-202-9812 Fax - 213-202-9943 TV'. Na RR25425/MSWord2003 RO5/01/10 2H6/14024d104/7105 RR 25425 Page 3 of 3 5 A4®gyp/ `S$*A : r NATIONAL TESTING STANDARos INC. RESEARCH AND TESTING LABORATORIES RepodE2a7820 September 26, 2000 Client: Tremco, Inc. 307 Fresh Meadows Rd. Simi Valley, CA 93065 Reference: Mr. Gary Wilson Purchase Order No. Verbal Sub 'lect: Physical Testing of HDPE Barrier. Sample Description: Several sheets of extruded polymeric material were submitted by the Client and identified as high density polyethylene (HDPE) barrier material Each sheet consisted of two smaller sheets thermally welded with a double weld and a 2 718" overlap. Request: Perform the seven physical test required by the City of Los Angeles for gas and moisture barriers on the submitted polymeric material. Method: The physical attributes listed in the "Results" .section of this report were measured in accordance with the applicable sections of the respective ASTM procedures. 877 S. ROSE PLACE • ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA 92805 - (714) 991.5520 • FAX (714) 956.3159 NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS INC. Report No. 27820 September 26, 2000 Page 2 Client: Tremco, Inc. Title: Bond Seam Strength (ASTM D-6392) Identification: Several sheet nominally 60 mil thick were submitted by Tremco and identified as high density polyethylene. Each sheet consisted of two smaller thermally welded with a double weld and a 2 7/8" overlap. Specimen Preparation: Ten specimens i" x 10" were cut from the submitted sheets with the seam midway of the length. Test Date: 14 July 2000 Specimen Type: 1" wide uniform strips with seam Test Method: ASTM D-6392 for mode of rupture ASTM D-638 for tensile strength with separation rate of 2"/min. Conditioning: 24 hours @ 23°C and 52% R.H. Chemical Reagents: N/A Stress Level: N/A Exposure Temperature: N/A Exposure Time: N/A Provertles Measured: Ultimate tensile strength of seam or material @ grip separation rate of 2"/min. and initial grip separation of 7" Individual Values: (lbs./inch width) 108 109 107 108 109 107 108 109 108 108 avg.108 Change in Appearance: Normal elongation with BRK type of failure. Status: All ten specimens passed. NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS INC. Report No. 27820 September 26, 2000 Page 3 Cllent: Tremco, Inc. Title: Micro Organism Resistance (ASTM D-4068-88) Identification: Several sheet nominally 60 mil thick were submitted by Tremco, and identified as high density polyethylene. Each sheet consisted of two smaller thermally welded with a double weld and a 2 7/8" overlap. Specimen Preuaration: Ten specimens 1" x 10" were cut from the submitted sheet with the seam midway of the length plus three 4" x 4" specimens of barrier material. with no seam. Ten type IV dog bones were die cut from the submitted sheet. Test Date; 14 July 2000 Specimen Type: 1" wide uniform strips, 4"x4" squares and type IV dog bones Test Method: Annex Al of. ASTM D-4068-88, Procedure M of ASTM D4434-82 and ASTM D-638 type IV. Conditioning: 48 hours @ 25°C and 51% R.H. for seam and material tensile strength. 168 hours @ 25°C over anhydrous calcium chloride for methane permeability followed by 48 hours @ 24°C and 51% R.H. Chemical Reagents: Organic compost with steer manure slung. Cotton duck swatches were totally destroyed in less than 14 days. Temperature of soil 25°C, moisture of soil 40%. Stress Level: 0 Exposure Temperature: 20°C Exposure Time: 30 days (720 hours) Properties Measured: Ultimate tensile strength of seam or material @ grip separation rate of 2"/nun. a NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS. INC. Client: Tremco, Inc. Individual Values (lbs.f) Tensile Streneth: Final 27.2 27.2 27.2 avg. 27.2 27.3 avg. change +0.74% 27.2 Report No. 27920 September 26, 2000 Page 4 Initial 26.9 26.8 27.1 26.9 26.9 26.9 avg.27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.1 Individual Values (lbs.f) Tensile Stress 100% eloneatiou: Final Initial 26.4 26.7 26.7 26.5 26.7 26.9 26.5 avg. 26.4 26.9 26.6 avg. 26.7 26.4 avg. change -1.1 % 26.6 26.9 26.4 26.7 26.7 Individual Values (%) Ultimate Eloneation: Final 160 161 159 avg.160.4 160 avg. change -0.86 161 Individual Values (e) Weieht: Initial Final Change (%) 1.9007 1.9008 -0.005 1.9036 1.9038 -0.010 1.9078 1.9079 -0.005 1.9013 1.9016 -0.020 1.9075 1.9078 -0.020 avg. -0.012 Initial 159 162 163 167 164 160 avg.162 160 161 159 159 NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS ANDARDS INC. Report No. 27820 September 26, 2000 Page 5 Client: Tremco, Inc. Individual Values Methane_Permeabllill: Specimen Thickness (mils) AP (mm Hg) Detected 1 59, 59, 59 768, 768, 768 none 768; 768,768 2 59, 59, 59 762, 762, 762 none 762, 762, 762 3 59, 59, 59 764, 764, 764 none 764, 764, 764 Change in Appearance: Normal elongation with BRK type of rupture. Status: All test specimens passed. The remaining specimens were reserved. Client: NATIONAL. TESTING STANDARDS INC. Report No. 27820 September 26, 2000 Page 6 Tremco, Inc. Title: Methane Permeability (ASTM D-1434-82) Identification: Several sheet nominally 60 mil thick were submitted by Tremco and identified as high density polyethylene. Each sheet consisted of two smaller thermally welded with a double weld and a 2 7/8" overlap. Specimen Preparation: Three 4" diameter disks without seams were scissor cut and examined on a light table for pinholes. Test Date: 16 July 2000 Specimen Type: 4" diameter disks with a surface finish <4 RMS. Test Method: ASTM D-1434-82 procedure M Conditioning: 168 hours @ 25°C over anhydrous calcium chloride for methane permeability followed by 48 hours @ 25°C and 49% R.H. Chemical Reagents: Methane Gas C.P. Stress Level: 0 Exposure Temperature: 220C Exposure Time: 100 hours Properties Measured: Specimen thickness, pressure differential and gas concentration. Individual Thickness (mils): Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 S9, 59, 60 59, 59, 59 59, 59, 59 avg.59 avg.59 avg.59 NATIONAL TESTING STAN13ARDS INC. Report No. 27020 September 26, 2000 Page 7 Client: Tremco, Inc. Individual A P (mm He): Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 765 765 763 763 768 768 765 765 763 763 768 768 765 765 763 763 768 768 765 765 763 763 768 768 765 765 763 763 768 768 Status:, After 100 hours of exposure to methane gas, none of the three specimens transmitted any detectable amount of methane. All three specimens passed, NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS INC. Report No. 27820 September 26, 2000 Page 8 Client: Tremco, Inc. C Title: Oil Resistance (ASTM D-543-87) Identification: Several sheet nominally 60 mil thick were submitted by Tremco and identified as high density polyethylene. Each sheet consisted of two smaller thermally welded with a double weld and a 2 7/8" overlap. Specimen Preparation: Five specimens 1" x 10" were cut from the, submitted sheet with the seam midway of the length plus five type IV dog bones with no seam. Disks were die cut for weight change. Test Date: 14 July 2000 Specimen Tyne: 1" wide cut strips for seam tensile properties Type IV dog bone for material tensile properties 1 518" diameter die cut disks for weight change Test Method: ASTM D-543-87 total immersion and weight change ASTM D-638 for tensile properties Conditionine: 48 hours @ 25°C and 50% R.H. Chemical Reagents: 30W non detergent motor oil Stress Level: 0 Exposure Temperature: 250C Exposure Time: 28 days Properties Measured: ASTM D-638 grip separation rate of Z"/min. NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS INC. Client: Tremco, Inc. Individual Values (lbs.f) Tensile Strength: Final 27.2 27.1 27.1 avg. 27.1 27.2 avg. change -0.37% 27.1 Retort No. 27820 September 26, 2000 Page 9 Initial 26.9 26.8 27.1 26.9 26.9 26.9 avg. 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.1 Individual Values (lbs.f) Tensile Stress 100% elongation: Final Initial 26.8 26.7 26.7 26.5 26.7 26.9 26.8 avg. 26.8 26.9 26.6 avg. 26.7 26.8 avg. change +0.37 % 26.9 26.9 26.8 26.7 26.7 Individual Values (%) Ultimate Elongation: Final 162 160 159 avg.160 160 avg. change -1.25 159 Individual Values (e) Weight: Initial Final Change (°/u) 1.8909 1.9030 +0.64 1.8922 1.9043 +0.64 1.8998 1.9137 +0.73 1.8944 1.9054 +0.58 1.9024 1.9148 +0.65 avg. +0.65 Initial 159 162 163 167 164 160 avg.162 160 161 159 159 Change in Ayyearance: Normal elongation with BRK type of rupture. Status: All five specimens passed. NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS INC. Report No. 27820 September 26, 2000 Page 10 Client: Tremco, Inc. Title: Beat Aging (ASTM D-4068-88) Identification: Several sheet nominally 60 mil thick were submitted by Tremco and identified as high density polyethylene. Each sheet consisted of two smaller thermally welded with a double weld and a 2 7/8" overlap. Specimen Preparation: Five specimens 1" x 10 were cut from the submitted sheet with the seam midway of the length. Five type IV dog bones were die cut with no seam. Test Date: 16 July 2000 Specimen Type: I" wide uniform strips for seam tensile and type IV dog bones for material tensile. Test Method: ASTM D-4068-88 for exposure and ASTM D-638 for tensile Conditioning: 168 hours @ 25°C and 50% R.H. prior to exposure. . 48 hours @ 25°C and 50% R.H. after exposure Chemical Reagents: N/A Stress Level: 0 Exposure Temperature: 100°C Exposure Time: 28 days Properties Measured: Ultimate tensile strength of seam or material @ grip separation rate of 2"/min. NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS INC. Renort No. 27820 September 26, 2000 Page 11 Client: Tremco, Inc. Individual Values (lbs.t) Tensile Strenath: Final Initial 28.0 26.9 26.8 28.1 27.1 26.9 28.2 avg.28.08 26.9 26.9 avg. 27.0 28.1 avg. change+4.0% 27.0 27.0 28.0 27.0 27.1 Individual Values (lbs f) Tensile Stress 100% elongation: Final hiftw 27.7 26.7 26.7 27.9 26.7 26.9 27.5 avg. 27.7 26.9 26.6, avg. 26.7 27.4 avg. change +3.7 % 26.6 26.9 27.7 26.7 26.7 Individual Values (%) Ultimate Elon ag_tion: Final 152 153 147 avg. 151 149 avg. change -6.8% 155 Initial 159 162 163 167 164 160 avg.162 160 161 159 159 Change in AuPearance: Normal elongation with BRK type of rupture. Status: All five specimens passed. NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS INC. Report No. 27820 September 26, 2000 Page 12 Client: Tremco, Inc. Title: Dead Load Seam Strength Identification: Several sheet nominally 60 mil thick were submitted by Tremco and identified as high density polyethylene. Each sheet consisted of two smaller thermally welded with a double weld and a 2 7/8" overlap. Specimen Preparation: Five specimens I" x 10" were cut from the submitted sheet with the seam midway of the length. Test.Date: 19 July 2000 Specimen Tyne: I" wide uniform strips with seams Test Method: The specimens were gripped above and below the seam joint and at least 2" from the joint. Each specimen was loaded with 54 lbs. Conditioning: N/A Chemieal Reagents: N/A Stress Level: 50% of modulus (54 lbs./inch width) produce by deadweight. Exposure Temperature: 200C Exposure Time: 4 hours Properties Measured: Visual examination for seam separation. Change in Appearance: Normal elongation. No separation of seams. Status: All five specimens passed. R NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS INC- Report No. 27820 September 26, 2000 Page 13 Client: Tremco, Inc. Title: Environmental Stress Cracking (ASTM D-1693-78) Identification: Several sheet nominally 60 mil thick were submitted by Tremco and identified as high density polyethylene. Each sheet consisted of two smaller thermally welded with a double weld and a 2 7/8" overlap. Specimen Preparation: Ten specimens were cut from the submitted sheet. Five . specimens from the machine direction and five specimens from the cross machine direction. Test Date: 18 August 2000 Specimen Type: ASTM D-1822 type L Test Method: ASTM D-5397-95 Conditioning: N/A Chemical Reagents: 10% water solution of igepal CO-630 Stress Level: 65% of modullus produced by a dead weight of 2.4 lbs. and a mechanical advantage of 3. Exposure Temperature: 50°C Exposure Time: 500 hours Properties Measured: Visual examination for cracking of specimens. Change in Appearance: None to s: All ten specimens passed. NATIONAL TESTING STANDARD b y Lewis F. West „A� V,�, NATIONAL TESTING STANDARDS INC. RESEARCH AND TESTING LABORATORIES ltenost c3187 April 28,1006 Client: Tremco, Inc. 3735 Green Road Beachwood, 0H 44122 Reference: Mn Wes Hensley Getter of 29 March 2006 subiev. Physical 0 Barsier Madcrjid. Sample (Description: Two sheets of polymeric laminated material were submitted by the Client and identified its 1) TiTinproof 260 applied to Typar 3401 and 2) Paraseal GM with bentonite clay applied to 60 mil HDPE. ReAyest: — Perform the 1`our vapor transmission rate (VTR) tests, lor below grade exterior dump proofing and water proofing on the submitted polymeric, material. Method: The data for the VTR listed in the "Results” section. of this report were measured in accordance with the applicable sections of ASTIM B-96 and F- 1770. 1 Results: *N/D = none detected WVT = water vapor transmission LWT = liquid water transmission NATIONAL TEST NQ STANDARDS by Lewis F. West 877 S. ROSE PLACE - ANAHEIM, CAUFORNIA 92805 - (714) 991-6520 * FAX (714) 9563152 STANDARDSNATIONAL TESTING RESEARCH D TESTING LABORATORIES emiyrt aln..7� December fiber 27, 2 le ,t: T OO' [tic, 367 l h mw&wsc lu Simi Valley, CAA 93065 Purchase Carder No. herbal 5MIAS—d', VaePM Transrnissican .Rate of Ber eno n. e'..r One large sheet of block polymeric 'material approkinitttely 43" x W x 60 mil, was submitted by the Client B94119. hf re the vapor, stninion rate OPF j of ';beta; through the witnutted anaterial: The VTR of -betizene throulgh the scabtn lied material was measured at - ambient tomperatum in •atccsrdaaw avith the pr000dures set fiords in ASTM F'-06 except that h was used it) place ol'tvntor wthe vawr medirsrn-snd the set as was stubilired rave' 3d d ' pecatad, Tho � fOr 1 anZene throughhd 1,qub1mt(ted material, *as 10 *mus per day per,square f€ of of surface area. slay l: wb; j:, West NATIONAL TSWUM STANDARDS 1140. � s r RESEARCH AND TE8T NG LABORATORIES o hgmLt Na 27t120 September 26, 2000 Mica ; 'rmnrco, Inc. 307 Prose Meadows Rd. Simi Valley, CA 93W It<fel r. Gary Wilson Purchase Order No. Verbal ab`w Physical Tesci3awctl`HOPES Barrier, '..a�'1. UMP c c Lien; Several sheets of extruded pcolynteric: material were subatti€ted'by the Client and identified as lint density pol thyleat ' PC) barrier attaterial. EUC13 she, consisted of two smaller sheets thermally welded with a double weld and a 2 7t8" overlap, P rfam r1te seven physical test required by tlte City. taf'Los Angela for ax9 -malsttare barriers on the submitted polymeric matertaia hLhW: The Physical attributes listed in the " esults" section of this report :vvere rneas=d in accordance with the applipoble sections of the respective 111 R,-it;i`@«';., e PtACO & Af AH911al CAUFORNIA 922 S «M9} 091.55120 « FA Report Ida. M20 September 26„ 2000 ierat:Tratozo, Inc, Page 2 itle; Bond Seem Strength R6392) ld till ticstt.`Sewertal sheet nommally 60 nul thick aware submitted: by Tremco and identified as high density polyethylem, Lach shect consisted :of two smaller thermally welded with a double vveld and, a 2 WS " overlap, �e°,.1'r ARIM€itazrro Ten specimens Y" x .,10" ivemoto fivin submitted shoots 'uc ith Vie, raaidv y of the len4 fast_ fie= 14 july 2000 -Streclttteu Tvt)g,, i" wide;uniform strips with seem Dst OMPA:ArSTli' D-6392 formodcofnrptur ASTM D- 38 for tensile strength *idi'separation ratite of"v°lhulr , at ititanjW *14 hours. @ 23° A. vi M E=MfilksMVMIHMda Ultimate tensile streeggr l' scam or nwterial ' SOPallni,aft Mtc df riU. and initiel dip ' tiott of 7 ., axtiitttlVaxiitxas. (Ilan?inch+rititli 1 8 109 tb'l 108 10 107 1 i 108 108 Ste: 'ltInve in .gip runrv.No elongation with B .offtaature. f ' All tonztt o d. � • M UQftn2Lg- p"d �.2S September 26, 2000 CIEr n : Tr co, ],no, Glcs NfievoCOrganism Resistance (AST D-4068.88) ldMtl£ea#loat; Several sheet notaii y 60 mil thick were submitted by Tre 14d a$ high density polyethylene. Each .sheet consisted Of two smaller thenmilly welded with a double weld and a 2 718" overlap. Sazascaraaera kit^a>raraaciffn: Teo specimens t ", x I t]" v� watt Haan antisna ttecl t with the seam midway of'the length plus three 4" x 4" amens of barrier matattil with uO seem, " eaxtype IV dog bones were aiie cut front the subuilued sheet. 1 zit : 14 July 2000 nett eat ktie: 1" wide unkfortn strips, 4%4" stluarus and typc IV drag bones t: ctl aed: Annex At ofA..` : 8-88„ :Procedure M ofASW D-AJ4,82 and A PM D-638 type '. 99l : 48 horns 2:i°C aaad 511/o R.H. for sewn und.Material tensile 168 he= @ 25°C over anhydrous calcium otaoride fortaaethane' rmeabilit, followed by 4& boms 2 0C and 51 % ]I„H 6eaaatn etfg*et: Orpmc c post with stir arataaatii e alurry; Cutiotriluck es were totally destroyed firlaaa than 14 days, temperature of soil a of soil SUML iev . U E nusurc I,, Eatgre:200C l unosure 9atae: tlt (720 hucuq LEMPAMO '.. ureti Ultimate. ten'sJO strength of soam or material. @ grip Separptlod'vetpofTYmim F*M TT=co, lw ludividual Values (lb s.f) Ten,01g, Strengit: f iud 272 27,2 27.2 sj.1272 27,3 avg. dutagt +0740/4 2 2-72 September X, 27000 Pkqe 4 bil—al 26:9 268 .1 26,9 26.9 26,9 avg. 27k 27.0 '2710 27.0 273 WiliduAl Valgo OM Tensile Stress 100% elcation: 265 avg, MA 26A avg. change -1 . I % 26A Indivi lutd 'Yalum (t4slUtfietate QqnZ - a&u: wwd 20 263 26.7 26,9 26,9 216. 6 avg. 26.7 26.6 26,9 26.7 26,7 91 IAN 1winift! 159 M Val 163 167 159 cavg, 160A 164 iO 160 avg- -thange -0,96 160 -161 161 159 159 kLtividual"h ues (j!) NVeOf j Initial. Filed Chattge () L9007 1,9008 -'1,,"79 4005 TAU -0,02b uvg -0.012 avg., ld-� September26, 2000 y,� e5 Specimen Thi s (die) AP (rAnl Detected p 59, 59. 59 7 # 7 8, 768'now 768, 76i8 768 2 $9,59,59 762, 762, 7(2 Saone 762, 762„ 762 9„ 59, 9 764,764,764 Matte 764,764,764 a--t4agg in Aggeeranee, Nom elongation with D type of rupture, �Stat ;:rill wst speeinamts passcdl The remaining spechiums were Iuserve& Report No. 2ZS2Q September 26, 2Ql0 l�rage'6 li is o, Inc, Meiheue Permeability (ASTik D-1.424-82) 142RMIC—SI&OW Several sheet na ndnarlly fall aaail thick were submitted by Trentro and identified as high density polyethylene, Each sheet consisted of'rwo smaller tlta liy lde d with to double weld and as " 7i ll" overlap. Svea[OM,Pmaration: Three 4" diameter disks Mthaut seams were scissor cut and examined can alight table for tinholee, dinen luf 4" diarnater disks with as stallacelmish :4 RMS.. # -d n :. TM-1434-82,srezcedure Nl ,grad' nine: 168 hours @ 25'T over Anhydrous calcium chloride for metbroe Permeability followed by 48 hours 5"C And 49% RR b a`crri Brats; MothaneGascZ tre': "act> 0 MUsAre Tetuggraturg. 220 'Liz rft—ff! aa:Ittl lataurs hLovertlas tasuredt Specimen flax, prmure, rIfferamial and ps rriTia<�rta!'Tlrclrns {rrailslr Specimen 1 spe;#4001 Spec 3- $9, 59, bid so, sq;, 5 59,:3% 59 an, 39 av& 59 airs, ,_ Rwgzt M,o- 2790 Satptentier 26,;2000 t; Tr , Ine Individual A P ttnni fig)-, Specimen i Specimen 2 specinm 3 765 765 763 763 768 768 765 765 763 763 768 768 765, 7d3 763 763 769 768 '765i 765 763 763 768 768 765 765 763 763 768 768 t er 100 ltoun of exposure iumetba c gas, none of the thee oc Usnormtled any dewtable ante oit oftletlicule. All three specinaeats passed, I„ rat No. 21820 Septe nber 2b. 2000 P e9 Y Trainee,Inc. 1110, Oil ltedi rice(AS° NI D- 3= 2) Ilea i SOrcral shm no lb, 60 rail thick were submittedby T'remoo, and identified 0s high density polyethylene. 'Each sheet emisted of two smaller thennally Welded with a double weld and a 2 7,T' overfstp. llegbAM P-r—ea zit-im; Five specimens,l"'a"c ttl"' went mitIlrom the submittedsheat Withtile Sem raidwayentire length plus ve,WN its dog banes with noseam, ljwm wm die cut for weight change. t Aft tdy 2t7Uit SlIgehnen 'I vn —: 111 Nyide cut ships 1br seam tensile 1,voperties Type IV dog haugtor mat"' tenailepmperties l S/8" diameter die cut disks #'earmciglct change 191 eta: ASTM D-543-87 total immersion and weight -chage, S D-038 for tensile properties Ch ' nj E ants: 30W non dddtergcnt motor oil 9 ft icv,9: it xtzmsorr7swrra 2m °C l�s�titrtrs�t�e „�: 2�'cl , rOOerftass crredk AS11M D-638 "grip separation ra tt.0 2"Twin. �ternl*r 21sx Page 9 t. Trertco, Inc 1 atlts � t11s ,t1 Tensile Strenuth- Eind °tsal 272 26.9 26.8 27,1' , 271 26,9 27.1 sVg,127A 26.9 X9 avg.27.0 27.2 avg, change —0.37% 27.9 27.1 27.1 27.0 '271 t ca Ibs. S err alic Ling IRLU X8 20 26.7 26.5 26,7 26.9 26,8 avg, 26.8 26y',9�9 26,6 avg, 26:7 26,8 avg, change+1,1i% 20 26,9 26:8 26,7 26;7 Individual Vitoos J`/*) Ul iruutm f' oagat`on: 162' 139 162 160 163 rE/ 159 avg, 160 164 lbtt' avg.162 169 avr, change —1.25 10 161 159 159 159- TndhddAgj'VjtlugLW Lve1ght: banal FirAil Chwge 1.11909 1.9030 +OA4 1.8922 1;9043 +U4 1.8999 149p7 +V3 11944 1,9054 4o,, 8 avg. - 4tos t Rage, IN, -AJMMOats -NMMI dougadonrMth 13RK qw.ofrupture. 111iv speezznens passod, ROUIONN./ „`t) September 26, 2000 Page 10 I]—tk_": ]"Teat Aging;(ASTivi D 68-Sti) iftq icatlQn, Se sheet imininally Eli mil thick were submitted by remea, tied identified as high density polyetbyleve, Each sheet consisted of nvo smaller theisnally Ny;Ided with alAbuble weld and,a,2 7/8 " overi €, ei r �rastittaic'Five spec' I" x 1@" were ctiit #'ham the submitted sheet when tbe seam midway of the length.. 1^ive'tape TV dog bones were die cut wide no Test D 16 July 2000 �tteeimo' s ae; 1" svid utsafotin str mfar scant tensile and cy=pe A7 dog bones fads material tensile, gel'' tboti AS D-4068.88 for caposum end ASTh2 " or tensile 9" , ltitan nA, 168 homy @ 251C and 50'1/6 RAI prior to mTasme, O'hcaasrs @ 2511C and iW/o RM, after .s Chemical, es< tints: N/A Lever li R%nnsur_P Temperature; 1000C Ey oa}" 28,dwys , ron ° 7*4 tt t !tilthfiate tensile staiingth a& scam or material @ grist separation Of 2'°Amm, gg: 4 September 26,20M p. ...'ll- I'Mraco, Individual Values List TenjjlL§tEMgt t: f 4w 29A 26.9 26.8 283 VA 2&9 28,2 av& 28,08 2.6S 20 28. I avg. change +4.4 % 27.0 y O 2i.0 27.0 27.1. 2y6 6.9 +2y"�7y.9 �2Y Y�+� ry ''3 ry' 7A chage +3.7 % 26,6 26.9 27n"Y. 26.7 26.7' Igdividad Yalus (1*1 Uld mate laueeedow p L I .,�. . 152 159 162 153 t63 467 147 avg. 151 t64 160 149 avg ge 4 8'YP 160 161 15 : 159 159 MME Itai ie in,AggeetAnev, =Normal elougatlon evlth U type of rupta ., to ,Au- ave specjmtau passr 162 Rypga'No. 27�^�0 September 26, 200 cjiom: Trermon, lnc. 't ; Dead Load Swm Strength !dogficad S Several sheet nominally 60 mil thick were submitted by'rMMC0 and identified a high density pmyothyknc, Ewh ; et consisted of two smaller hermally welded with a double welil,ond ar 2 71 " ou lap" Specimen Preepatatiom. Five epecimens l„ x, l r were ettt ,l s a the submitted sheet with the seem midway o lengdL est nte:19AO Otip Specimen i : 1"p wide undarin strips with sounis IM Hand, The T, ceimers; were grippe zbove and below the semn joint and at least'2'4 from the ;}zalzst. Gash spectmen was loaded With 54 Ihs... t eat 'tedrg: a' &M• al Reag `ft NIA r l� 50% at modulus (S4'lba.tlno:h Width) produce by'doadS wvelghL .Fine: 4 fours pr o�rertles �vlcasureii: Visual examination for =in separation. mein Aemmittikl Lion. No sepandion oas s. -4- en2rt rag Z82 September 26, °2000 Page 13 gu na : Tremco, laic, T ': Fnuinau l S ing ( a i %i it-3'ti9-7S} dari ecetiaaaa: Sovetut sheet nominally Eli aril thick watmibmitted by Ttezteo and identified. as high Aensity poly Each sheet consisted of smaller thernudly Welded with a doublt weld and a.2'719" overlap. §Rtd aaera Pr utrsatinra: 'Ton specimens Nvcao cad from the suhmitted stoat. Five specimens fm m die 'machine dinwnou and fire specimens from the machine direction. IS9 t-C 18 August 2"01DO' Sala ' en 'li°ma:: ASTM D-1822 type I, 'I"dst atlaoa3'. ASTM, D s3 '7-95 `' t ftu lag: N/A laMLm_dmat„ ra M: lU%Nit sojution ofigcpal d AUn i..ev z : 65% of modulus produced by a dead',weight of ZA Is. so a Mechanical ad -vantage of 3, Boa ware TemBVr»i"tPtt , 50Pf PrtRStdMA12WAMd,: al waaa ination fm* m(ocking-of spedmem. 21OW, All ten speclinens passed, Tremco Incorporated P.O. Box 6791 . Laguna Niguel, California 92607 . 949-246-0733 Sealant / Weatherproofing Division Website: www.tremeosealants.com January 1, 2010 IrReffico. Alan Cantarini — Product Specialist E-Mail: acantarini@tremcoinc.com RE: Recent Paraseal GM 60-Mil HDPE with Bentonite Project References To Whom It May Concern: The following recent projects used Paraseal 60-Mil GM/LG with Heat Welded Seams. 1. The Strand in Huntington Beach, CA. 150k sqft of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Letner. 2. Miller Children's Hospital in Long Beach, CA. 50k sqft of Paraseal GM/LG applied by FML. 3. White Sands of La Jolla, CA, 100k sqft of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Alcala. 4. Kaiser Downey Hospital, Downey, CA, 200k sqft of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Letner. 5. Constellation Place in Century City, 150k sqft of Paraseal GM/LG applied by LM. 6. Imaging Center at Cedar Sinai, 60k sqft of Paraseal GM/LG applied by LM. 7. Office Depot in L.A, 30k sqft of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Barber Webb. 8. W. Moreland Condos in L.A, 20k sqft of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Barber Webb. 9. Madag Courtyard in L.A, 150k sqft of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Barber Webb. 10. Metro Rail Stations in L.A, 500k sqft plus of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Barber Webb. 11. Hagadone Residence in Palm Springs, 100k sqft of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Barber Webb. 12. Central Park West in Irvine, 200k sqft plus of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Barber Webb. 13. West Hollywood Library, 100k sqft plus of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Chapman Coast. 14. Studio 15 in San Diego, 50k sqft plus of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Barber Webb. 15. Legado in Encino, 100k sqft plus of Paraseal GM/LG applied by Raycon. Sincerely, Alan Cantarini Cc: Trerymco Incorporated m 9L:�.: Trcommyy Tremco incorporated 3735 Green Road • Beachwood, Ohio 44122 •216-292-5000 CALL YOUR LOCAL TREMCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A CURRENT LISTING OF CERTIFIED APPLICATORS TREMCO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 2011 CERTIFIED APPLICATORS Alcala Company Inc. 3650 Hancock Street San Diego, CA 92110 619-291-1100 PHONE Barber Webb Companv 3833 E. Medford Street Los Angeles, CA 90063 323-264-4800 PHONE Best Contracting Inc. 19027 S. Hamilton Avenue Gardena, CA 90248 310-328-6969 PHONE Chapman Coast Roofing 2301 E. Orangethorpe Ave. Fullerton, CA 92831. 714-738-6611 PHONE Courtnev Waterproofing Inc. 16781 Millikan Avenue Irvine, CA 92606 949-222-2050 PHONE FML Linings Incorporated 15661 Producer Lane, Suite D Huntington Beach, CA 92649 714-379-3883 PHONE Letner Roofing 1490 North Glasell Street Orange, CA 92867 714-633-0030 PHONE Proulx Company 6833 East Rosecrans Ave., #C Paramount, CA 90720 562-630-8386 PHONE Saddleback Waterproofing 23531 Ridge Route Dr., #C Laguna Hills, CA 92653 949-589-3422 PHONE Waterproofing Experts 7736 Deering Avenue Canoga Park, CA 91304 818-592-6392 PHONE Tremco lists the applicators above as CERTIF EM APPLICATOR'S for Southern California. THE CERTIFIED APPLICATOR status allows these applicators to provide upon successful completion of the waterproofing application a Joint Warranty. Additionally, the Certified Applicators listed by Tremeo can apply the specialized applications of Hot and/or Cold High -Build -Up Fluid Applied Membranes, Heat Welded Membranes, and Methane Containment Membranes. These applications are in addition to the Tremeo standard waterproofing and sealant applications using products and systems manufactured by Tremco. In order for a Joint Warranty request to be considered by Tremco, the Certified Applicator must pre -notify a Tremco Representative in order to obtain a warranty approval. Please contact your local Tremco Representative for any questions you may have; Alan Cantarini-Orange/Riverside County - Phone 949-246-0733 acantariniin tremeoinc.com Chad Scoggins - San Diego County - Phone 619-405-2872 cscoggins(i tremcoin c.com Gas Pinon - Los Angeles County - Phone 562-254-0821 gpinonAtremcoinc.com y A Tremco Certified Applicator is a company which has sent it's supervisory personnel through a Tremco training course and/or has demonstrated a history in properly applying Tremco products per the specifications listed on tireTremeo Sealants/Waterproofing website. Tremco does not endorse, represent and/or warrant the quality of installation performed by these Applicators. -, c ENGLISH UNITS Minimum Amaae Value Property Test Method 30 "111 40 trill 60 rill 80 mil 100 aril Thickness, mils ASTM D 519P minimum average 30 40 60 80 100 lowest individual reading 27 36 54 72 90 Sheet Density, g1cc ,ASTM D1505/D 792._. 0.940 0,940 0.940 0.940 0,940 Tensile Properties' ASTM D 6693 1, Yield Strength, lb/in 63 84 126 168 210 2. Break Strength, 11ohn 114 152 228 304 380 3, Yield Elongation, IX '12 12 12 12 12 4. Break Elongation, % 700 700 700 700 700 Tear Resistance, lb ASTM D 1004 21 28 -42 56 70 Puncture Resistance, lb ASTM D 4833 54 72 108 144 1.80 Stress Crack Resistance=, firs ASTM D 5397 (App.) 300 300 300 300 300 Cannon Black Conten(', % ASTM D 1603 2-0 - 3.0 2.0 - 3.0 2-0 - 3_D 2.0 • 3.0 2.0 • 3.0 Carbon Black Dispersion ASTM D 5596 --Note 4-- Oxidative induction'Tjme MIT) Standard 01T, minutes ;ASTM D 3895 100 100 100 100 1-00 Oven Aging at 85'C ASTM D 5721 High Pressure OIT - 41) retained afto,00 days ASTM D 5885 SO 80 80 80 80 UV Reeistance° GRI GIv111 High Pressure 017 % retainer! after 1600 firs ASTM D 5885 50 50 50 50 50 Seam Properties ASTM .D-6392 (@ 2 in/min) 1. Shear Strength, lb/in 57 80 120 160 200 2. Peal Strength, Win - Hot Wedge A5 60 91 121 151 - Extrusion Fillet 39 52 78 104 130 Roll Dimensions 1. Width (feet): 23 23 23 23 23 2. Length (feet) 1000 750 500 375 300 3. Area (squarefeot): 23,000- 17,250 11,500 8,62-5 6,900 4: Gross weight (pounds, approz:) 3,470 3,470 3,47,0 3,470 3,470 "t Machine direction (MD) anti cress Madd ie direction (XMD) "t.ragevalues should he on the basis of 5 test xpodnisi a eae.h-.directio'n Yield eketgation is calculated using A gauge lengub of '1.3 fiches; Break calculatedusing a gaucie longth of 2,0inches 2 The yield stress used an cak„alate the-app�llnzd load for the 5P•NCTL test should be the rncan vrluavie MQC'tesurig 3 Other methods such as ASTM D 4218 or mtarowave methods are acceptable if an.,`fippropnate correlation care be established 4 Carbnn black for 10 different views; Mine in Catogoks 7 'and 2 with Ono alic"ed in Category 3, 5 The condition of thc.fks't ahould be 20 fir• UV,+ydeat 75°C fnllovv<M by 4 he <vindensation at 60`C. 6 I.1V resistance is l ascd on pereeni retained, value regardless of tlr a original HNOIT value This data is provided fur In(urmatiQnal prrrposcs. only, and is net urtendcd as l Warranty Of quarantee lit connectlun ssnth'.Irz.. inse_of tlrisdata. These values are subject toshahge vgthout nfxtice; Material Safety Data Sheet IrAfftfilco. „1�,.r,t, ;rr�.�.- _. a, d P fi % i.. 'I �4 Version 1.1 Print Date 08/31/2010 REVISION DATE: 09/01/2006 SECTION 1 - PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION Trade name PARASEAL 60MIL GM/LG BLACK 17.5' WIDE Product code 510460 551 COMPANY Tremco Incorporated 3735 Green Road Cleveland, OH 44122 Telephone (216) 292-5000 8:30 - 5:00 EST Emergency Phone: (216) 765-6727 8:30 - 5:00 EST After Hours: Chemtrec 1-800-424-9300 Product use Waterproofing SECTION 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Emergency Overview Gray. Solid ply rolls. Not applicable under normal conditions of use. Generally not required under normal conditions of use. Acute Potential Health Effects/ Routes of Entry Inhalation Not applicable under normal conditions of use. Eyes Not applicable under normal conditions of use. Ingestion Not applicable under normal conditions of use. Skin May cause mild irritation. Aggravated Medical Conditions Pre-existing eye, skin and respiratory disorders may be aggravated by exposure. Chronic Health Effects This product contains granular materials which may cause mechanical skin, eye or respiratory irritation. Inhalation of crystalline silica (quartz) can cause cancer based on animal data, and IARC concludes sufficient evidence in humans (Group 1). Prolonged and repeated overexposure to free crystalline silica dust above the TLV level may cause scarring of the lungs with cough and shortness of breath. A delayed lung injury, silicosis may result from breathing free silica. Target Organs: Skin, Eye, Lung SECTION 3 - PRODUCT COMPOSITION Chemical Name CAS -No. Weight % Bentonite 1302-78-9 > 60.0 Water 7732-18-5 10.0 - 30.0 Inert filler NJ TSRN# 51721300-5128P 10.0 - 30.0 n-Butyl acrylate resin 9003-49-0 1.0 - 5.0 Crystalline Silica (Quartz)/ Silica Sand 14808-60-7 1.0 - 6.0 A^FMc°m a 1 /5 Material Safety Data Sheet TRrXC0- r � gym...... „_..-...: Print Date OS/31/2010 Version 11 REVISION DATE: 09/01/2006 SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES Get immediate medical attention for any significant overexposure. Inhalation Generally not required under normal conditions of use. Eye contact Generally not required under normal conditions of use. Skin contact Clean area of contact thoroughly using soap and water. If irritation, rash or other disorders develop, get medical attention immediately. Ingestion Not applicable under normal conditions of use. Notes to physician Not applicable. SECTION 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES Flash point Not available. Method Not available. Lower explosion limit Not available. Upper explosion limit Not available. Autoignition temperature Not available. Hazardous combustion Hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbon fractions. products Protective equipment for Use accepted fire fighting techniques. Wear full firefighting protective firefighters clothing, including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). SECTION 6 -ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Scrape up and transfer to appropriate container for disposal. SECTION 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE Store under normal warehouse conditions. SECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION Personal protection equipment Respiratory protection Not required under normal conditions of use. Hand protection Use suitable impervious leather gloves and protective apparel to reduce exposure. Eye protection Wear appropriate eye protection. Skin and body protection Not required. Protective measures Other equipment not normally required. Engineering measures General ventilation is sufficient. Exposure Limits wJEMv 2/5 Safety Data Sheet REVISION DATE: 09/01/2006 .77 7-TER - wpw Date 08/31/201( Chemical Name CAS Number Re ulation Limit Form Bentonite 1302-78-9 ACGIH TWA: 3 mg/m3 Respirable particles. ACGIH TWA: 10 mg/m3 Inhalable particles. OSHA PEL: 15 mg/m3 Total dust. OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m3 Respirable fraction. OSHA TWA: 15 mg/m3 Total dust. OSHA TWA: 5 mg/m3 Respirable fraction. Inert filler NJ TSRN# ACGIH TWA: 3 mg/m3 Respirable particles. 51721300-5128P ACGIH TWA: 10 mg/m3 Inhalable particles. OSHA PEL: 15 mg/m3 Total dust. OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m3 Respirable fraction. OSHA TWA: 15 mg/m3 Total dust. OSHA TWA: 5 mg/m3 Respirable fraction. Crystalline Silica 14808-60-7 ACGIH TWA: 0.05 mg/m3 Respirable fraction. (Quartz)/ Silica Sand OSHA TWA: 0.1 mg/m3 Respirable. OSHA TWA: 0.3 mg/m3 Total dust. OSHA PEL: 15 mg/m3 Total dust. OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m3 Respirable fraction. SECTION 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES I Form Solid ply rolls Color Gray Odor None pH Not available. Vapour pressure Not available. Vapor density Not available. Melting point/range Not available. Freezing point Not available. Boiling point/range Not available. Water solubility Gels Specific Gravity 1.7 % Volatile Weight 0 % ISECTION 10 - REACTIVITY t STABILITY Stability : Material is stable under normal storage, handling, and use. Hazardous polymerization : Will not occur. (SECTION 11 -TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION _. I No Data Available Material Safety Data Sheet . IPIPN . j p y �¢¢�j :: Version 1.1 Print Date 08/31/2010 REVISION DATE: 09/01/2006 SECTION 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION No Data Available SECTION 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Disposal Method As purchased, this product, when discarded, is not a listed or characteristic hazardous waste according to Federal regulations (40 CFR 261). Check local, regional, state or provincial regulations for applicable requirements for disposal. Any processing, using, alteration or chemical additions to the product, as purchased, may alter the disposal requirements. Under Federal regulations, it is the generator's responsibility to determine if a waste is a hazardous waste. Empty containers may retain product residue. Do not reuse. SECTION 14 -TRANSPORTATION / SHIPPING DATA TDG / DOT Shipping Description: NOT REGULATED SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION North American Inventories: All components are listed or exempt from the TSCA inventory. This product or its components are listed on, or exempt from the Canadian Domestic Substances List. U.S. Federal Regulations: SARA 313 Components None present or none present in regulated quantities. SARA 311/312 Hazards Acute Health Hazard Chronic Health Hazard OSHA Hazardous Components: Bentonite 1302-78-9 Inert filler NJ TSRN# 51721300-5128P Crystalline Silica (Quartz)/ Silica Sand 14808-60-7 OSHA Status: Considered Irritant hazardous based on the Carcinogen following criteria: OSHA Flammability Not Regulated Regulatory VOC (less water and 0 g/I exempt solvent) VOC Method 310 Not available. Chemical is listed as an ARC. NTP, OSHA, orACGIH Carcinogen: Crystalline Silica (Quartz)/ Silica Sand 14808-60-7 AnFMo=P,v 4/5 Safety Data Sheet REVISION DATE: 09/01/2006 U.S. State Regulations: MASS RTK Components Penn RTK Components NJ RTK Components Crystalline Silica (Quartz)/ Silica Sand Bentonite Water Inert filler Crystalline Silica (Quartz)/ Silica Sand Bentonite Water Inert filler n-Butyl acrylate resin Crystalline Silica (Quartz)/ Silica Sand 14808-60-7 1302-78-9 7732-18-5 NJ TSRN# 51721300-5128P 14808-60-7 1302-78-9 7732-18-5 NJ TSRN# 51721300-5128P 9003-49-0 14808-60-7 Chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer birth defects and/or other reproductive harm: 14808-60-7 Crystalline Silica (Quartz)/ Silica Sand (SECTION 16 - OTHER INFORMATION I HMIS Rating : ealth 1 ammabilit 0 activit0 re PE Further information: 0 = Minimum 1 = Slight 2 = Moderate 3 = Serious 4 = Severe For Industrial Use Only. Keep out of Reach of Children. The hazard information herein is offered solely for the consideration of the user, subject to their own investigation of compliance with applicable regulations, including the safe use of the product under every foreseeable condition. Prepared by: Rich Mikol Legend ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Hygienists CERCLA - Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act DOT - Department of Transportation DSL - Domestic Substance List EPA - Environmental Protection Agency HMIS - Hazardous Materials Information System IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer MSHA - Mine Safety Health Administration NDSL - Non -Domestic Substance List NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NTP - National Toxicology Program OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RTK - Right To Know SARA - Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit TLV - Threshold Limit Value TSCA - Toxic Substances Control Act TWA - Time Weighted Average V - Volume VOC - Volatile Organic Compound WHMIS - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Paraseal GIN 60 mil Heat Weld System Watertight Warranty PROJECT NP E O APPLICATOR ARCHITECT - ENGINEER OWNER INDEPENDENT INSPECTION FIRM COMPLETION DATE TREMCO INCORPORATED ("Tremco") warrants to the Owner, subject to the terms, conditions and limitations stated herein, that for a period of [[[Fill in Years up to ten (10)MI from the Completion Date above ("Warranty Period"), ground or other naturally occurring sources of water will not pass through Tremco's Paraseal GM 60 mil Heat Weld System (hereafter referred to as the "System") and into any below -grade areas. The System for purposes of this Warranty shall consist of the following Tremco products: the Paraseal GM 60 mil membrane, In the event a leak covered under the terms of this Warranty occurs at the Project during the Warranty Period, the Owner shall immediately notify Tremco and confirm such notice in writing within thirty (30) days from the date the Owner discovered or should have discovered any claimed leak. Tremco will supply the labor and materials necessary to repair the leak in accordance with good waterproofing practices. An acceptable method of repair may include negative side injection. It is the responsibility of the Owner, at its cost, to provide agents or employees of Tremco free, unimpeded access to the Project and System for the purposes of testing, leak investigation and/or repair, including movement and replacement of any equipment or other property or materials which would hinder or prevent access to the repair site(s). GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: Tremco and the Owner hereby agree that issuance of this Warranty is conditioned upon the System being installed in compliance with the Project waterproofing specifications, good waterproofing practices and the following additional requirements: 1. Tremco's Superstop product must be used on all cold pour construction joints. 2. The System must be installed by an applicator trained and certified in the proper installation of the System ("Applicator"). 3. The waterproofing specifications for the Project must be submitted to Tremco either at the time of bid or upon award of the Project contract. These waterproofing specifications are subject to Tremco's review and acceptance for compliance with Tremco's System installation guidelines. 4. Prior to the pre -construction meeting, the Applicator must submit a water and soil sample from the Project site for testing by Tremco to evaluate water and soil compatibility with the System. Tremco will confirm its evaluation to the Applicator in writing. 6. The System may only be used with Tremco manufactured or supplied waterproofing components. 6. The System installation (including Superstop installation) must be inspected during all phases of installation by a Tremco-approved third party independent inspection firm ("Consultant") contracted and paid for by the Owner or General Contractor. All inspection deficiency items must be addressed and corrected in accordance with good waterproofing practices with written confirmation by the Consultant and Applicator to the Owner and Tremco of steps taken to resolve such items. 7. Applicator attendance at the Pre -Construction Meeting is mandatory. 8. Every seam in the System must be tested for leaks in accordance with ASTM D 5641, Geomembranes Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber or in accordance with ASTM 5820 - 95, Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed Geomembranes by the Applicator with the Consultant present, and confirmed to be free from leaks in writing by the Applicator and Consultant In the event any of the above requirements is not met, the System will be covered under Tremco's standard material -only warranty as set forth in Tremco's product data sheets available at www.Tremcoinc.com. EXCLUSIONS: This Warranty expressly excludes coverage for leaks caused, in whole or in part, by any of the following: 1. Water or moisture that does not pass through the System such as leaks through perforated or other piping, electrical conduit, parapet walls or any building components other than the System; 2. Abuse, misuse or damage to or of the System any time after shipment from Tremco's manufacturing facility, including improper storage of the System, damage during backfill operations, exposure of the bentonite portion of the System membrane to rain or other weather conditions and/or penetration or other abuse of the System membrane by third parties either before or after the System has been installed; 3. Any repairs, replacements or alterations of the System without the written consent of Tremco; 4. Natural causes or Acts of God, including without limitation, lightning, earthquakes, floods, fires, hurricanes, tornadoes and/or natural disasters; 5. Unauthorized changes in the waterproofing details or specifications forthe Project not reviewed and approved by Tremco; 6. Building settlement or shifting which causes breaches in the System; structural failure including movement, cracking or deflection; orfailures or defects in other building components ortheir installation including without limitation concrete, shotcrete or other substrates that the System is installed on or against or that is/are installed over the System. LIMITATIONS: Waterproofing integrity of expansion joints is not covered under this Warranty and is not the responsibility of Tremco. Tremco's obligations under this Warranty are expressly conditioned upon receipt of full payment for the System and the Owner's compliance with each of its responsibilities described in this Warranty. Any delay in full payment to Tremco shall not extend the Warranty Period. This Warranty is issued to the above -named Owner and is not transferable or assignable except with the written consent of Tremco. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION IN THIS WARRANTY OR ELSEWHERE, THE TOTAL LIABILITY OF TREMCO OVER THE LIFE OF THIS WARRANTY SHALL NOT IN ANY EVENT EXCEED THE TREMCO LIST PRICE FOR THE SYSTEM SOLD ON THE PROJECT. NO REPRESENTATIVE OF TREMCO HAS THE AUTHORITY TO MODIFY THE WARRANTY. THE ABOVE WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ANY AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY, WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED IN THIS WARRANTY ARE THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO THE OWNER. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED HEREIN, TREMCO SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGE TO THE PROJECT STRUCTURE OR INTERIOR CONTENTS OR FOR ANY OTHER CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR RELATED TO, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, THIS WARRANTY OR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SYSTEM OR INDIVIDUAL PRODUCTS COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY OR THEIR INSTALLATION, WHETHER BASED ON BREACH OF WARRANTY, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY. TREMCO INCORPORATED Commercial Sealants & Waterproofing Paraseal® GM Waterproofing & Gas Membrane Product Description: Paraseal GM is a composite sheet waterproofing membrane that combines a 60mil layer of high -density polyethylene with expandable, quality granular bentonite. The bentonite, capable of expanding to six times its thickness, is laminated at a rate of up to one pound per square foot to the impermeable HDPE sheet. Paraseal GM with 60mil HDPE is manufactured to controlled thicknesses of approximately 200mil (5.Omm) and is installed as a system with Para JT Tape and/or heat welded seams. This forms a superior Dual Waterproofing and Gas Barrier Membrane System for application to both horizontal and vertical surfaces. Basic Uses: Paraseal GM is used with Para JT Tape and/or heat welded seams to water and/or gas proof structures below grade. The Para JT Tape is installed within the Paraseal GM membrane at terminations where it remains protected while providing a flexible, gas proof and waterproof seal. This dual membrane system exhibits outstanding performance in withstanding conditions of high water head and/or aliphatic gases. The Paraseal GM membrane system is excellent for use on poured concrete or block masonry foundation walls and it may be installed prior to the concrete pour such as on lagging, under floor slabs, in elevator pits, etc. Limitations: - Do not apply in standing water or over snow. Whenever acidic, alkali or salt brine conditions exist, consult Tremco. Packaging: - 4' x 24' Standard Rolls - 8' x 200' and 19.5' x 200' rolls available upon request Installation: Examine all surfaces prior to starting installation. Dust may be present, however, all debris must be removed. Standing water and sharp protrusions over''/4" (6.4mm) must be removed. Installation may proceed on uncured, damp or frozen surfaces. Paraseal is compatible with all currently used release agents. For installations under slab, prepare grade with a layer of compacted sand and cover with Emil (1.5mm) polyethylene film. Install preformed or site constructed boots around all penetrations prior to membrane installation. General Notes: Paraseal GM is provided having a removable lap protector tape installed beneath the bentonite layer along the perimeter edges. The lap protector tape must be removed at the jobsite to clean the edges of the bentonite in preparation for insertion of the Para JT Tape or to heat weld. The Para JT Tape is always installed per the instructions in the Para JT Tape Data Sheet. All overlapped seams are heat -welded using an approved heat -welding machine to fuse the membrane sheets together. Batten strips are field fabricated to repair slits in the installed membrane that may occur at penetrations. Batten strips are manufactured by covering one face of a 6" (15.2em) wide strip of HDPE liner with tightly abutting, side - by -side strips of Para JT Tape. Note: Refer to manufacturer specifications and details, which describe further techniques and specific requirements for vertical and under Boor installations. Backfilled Walls: Paraseal GM is installed with the HDPE side facing the installer (bentonite against the structure). Pour a 2" (5.1cm) cove ofParagranular in the horizontal -to -vertical junctures (such as footing -to -wall) prior to covering with the membrane. Inside vertical comers receive a cove of TREMproof 201T prior to covering with the membrane. Paraseal GM membrane may be installed in horizontal or vertical lifts by nailing - along seams, which are then overlapped with a subsequent sheet. All such nail heads must be covered with Para IT Tape extending beyond the nail head 1" (2.54em) in every direction. Penetrations are detailed using Para JT Tape that has been removed from its backing and folded onto itself several times to be used like a putty, firmly hand -pressed into place against the HDPE. Under Floor Slab: Place into position unrolled 24' (7.3m) Paraseal GM membrane. With Para JT Tape fully into place and protected by its paper backing, position overlapping membrane sheet to overlap 2" (5.lcm). Wipe clean the HDPE surfaces within the overlap area. Remove the paper backing from the Para JT Tape within the overlap area and press the seams together. If placed directly over prepared grade, the membrane must be protected from punctures by placing protective pads underneath the rebar chairs. Just prior to the concrete placement, inspect and patch any damage to the installed membrane. Place concrete as soon as possible after membrane installation and protect bentonite surfaces from rain until covered with concrete. Protection: The Pamseal GM dual waterproofing membrane system has a puncture resistance of 306 pounds and does not require additional protection for most applications. For special applications, contact your Tremco Representative for details. Storage: Protect from moisture. Store on skid or pallet, cover with polyethylene or tarp. Availability: Immediately available from your local Tremco Distributor or Tremco Warehouse. Warranty: Tremco warrants its products to be free of defects in materials, but makes no warranty as to appearance or color. Since methods of application and on -site conditions are beyond our control and can affect performance, Tremco makes no other warranty, expressed or implied, including warranties of MERCHANTABILITY and FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. With respect to products, Tremeo's sole obligation shall be, at its option, to replace, or refund the purchase of the quantity of product proved to be defective and Tremco shall not be liable for any loss. MOM 6ealanMeatherPmo0n0 Division 3735 Green Road - Bea invood, Ohio -4412E- Phone:(216) 283000-(800)3217006 220 Moketeed Avenue - Toronto, ON M4H 1G1- Phone: (416) 420300 - (600) 3633213 vmvu.fremcosealaMa.com xn 4oawdaxy Tremco Incorporated 3735 Green Road . Beachwood, Ohio 44122. 216-292-5000 VC0 CALL YOUR LOCAL TREMCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A CURRENT LISTING OF CERTIFIED APPLICATORS TREMCO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 2010 CERTIFIED APPLICATORS * Aleala Companv Inc. 3650 Hancock Street San Diego, CA 92110 619-291-1100 PHONE Barber Webb Company 3833 E. Medford Street Los Angeles, CA 90063 323-264-4800 PHONE Best Contracting Inc. 19027 S. Hamilton Avenue Gardena, CA 90248 310-328-6969 PHONE Chapman Coast Roofing 2301 E. Orangethorpe Ave. Fullerton, CA 92831 714-738-6611 PHONE Courtney Waterproofing Inc. 16781 Millikan Avenue Irvine, CA 92606 949-222-2050 PHONE FML Linings Incorporated 15661 Producer Lane, Suite D Huntington Beach, CA 92649 714-379-3883 PHONE Letner Roofing 1490 North Glasell Street Orange, CA 92867 714-633-0030 PHONE Proulx Company 6833 East Rosecrans Ave., #C Paramount, CA 90720 562-630-8386 PHONE Ravcon Enviromental 882 Patriot Drive, Suite G Moorpark, CA 93021 805-529-0300 PHONE Waterproofing Experts 7736 Deering Avenue Canoga Park, CA 91304 818-592-6392 PHONE Tremco lists the applicators above as CERTIFIED APPLICATOR'S for Southern California. THE CERTIFIED APPLICATOR status allows these applicators to provide upon successful completion of the waterproofing application a Joint Warranty. Additionally, the Certified Applicators listed by Tremco can apply the specialized applications of Hot and/or Cold High -Build -Up Fluid Applied Membranes, Heat Welded Membranes, and Methane Containment Membranes. These applications are in addition to the Tremco standard waterproofing and sealant applications using products and systems manufactured by Tremco. In order for a Joint Warranty request to be considered by Tremco, the Certified Applicator must pre -notify a Tremco Representative in order to obtain a warranty approval. Please contact your local Tremco Representative for any questions you may have; Alan Cantarini-Orange/Riverside County - Phone 949-246-0733 acantarini antremeoinc.com Chad Scoggins - San Diego County - Phone 619-405-2872 escoggins(a,tremeoinc.com Gus Pinon - Los Angeles County - Phone 562-254-0821 gpinonna,tremcoine.com *A Tremco Certified Applicator is a company which has sent it's supervisory personnel through a Tremco training course and/or has demonstrated a history in properly applying Tremco products per the specifications listed on the Tremco Sealants/Waterproofing website. Tre+nco does not endorse, represent and/or warrant the duality ofinstallation performed by these Applicators. dational Testing Standards, Inc. u Complete Laboratory Facilities National Testing Standards, Inc. is a diversified, independent laboratory providing chemical, physical, and environmental testing services to the industrial and commercial community. Our business objectives go beyond the obvious testing services. We seek to provide analytical assistance to non -technical executives facing technical requirements and decisions as well as provide precise and accurate test and analysis information to your technical people. • Failure & Liability Analysis • Products & Material • Environmental Exposure • Instrumentation and Services • Complete Laboratory Services • Complete Machine Shop & Electrical Shop Contact us for a personal consultation and quotes. We look forward to helping you meet all of your future testing challenges. National Testing Standards, Inc. 877 South Rose Place Anaheim, CA 92805-5337 (714) 991-5520 ..... •, FREIR Featured on YP.COM Set local advertising from AT&T Ad Solutions .J 2010 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. Licensed content used with permission. http://w,ww.nationaltestingstmduds.com/home/[11/30/2010 5:01:01 PM] lational Testing Standards, Inc. Instrumentation & Services Chemical Testing • I.R. Analysis • G.0 Analysis • Ash Content • Distillation • Emission Spectrographic o Quantitive o Qualitative • Karl Fisher • Volatiles Environmental Testing • Cold Testing • Fungus/Mold Resistance • Ozone Exposure • Salt Fog/Spray o CASS o Crodokote • Vibration Testing • Weatherometer / Fadometer Dielectric Testing • Dielectric Testing o Proof, Strength, Constant • Surface Resistively • Volume Resistively • Loss Tangent Physical Testing • Coefficient of Friction • Compression Testing o Strength o Modulus • Drop/Impact Testing • Tensile Strength o Shear Strength o Tear Strength o Elongation o Modulus o Elevated Temperature • Abrasion Testing o NBD Abrasor o Tabor Abrasor • Cycle and Wear Testing • Turg-O-Tometer (Detergency) • Reflectivity and Gloss Measurement • Sample Preparation o Die cut o Strips o Lathe cut Flammability Testing • Flash Point o Open and Closed Cup • Burn Tunnel, Small National Testing Standards, Inc. 877 South Rose Place Anaheim, CA 92805-5337 ]rttp://www.nation,iltestingstanduds.com/services/[11/30/2010 5:01:28 PM] ational Testing Standards, Inc. 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Complete Laboratory Service • Chemical identification • Compound deformulation and quantification • Forensic and unknown material analysis • Soil testing • Paint evaluation • Rubber testing • Paper and Pulp Evaluation • Air samples, Emission analysis • Precious metals assays • Freon content analysis • Pesticides • Custom chemicals (organic, inorganic, polymeric) • Process and procedures evaluation • Process development • Environmental and Physical testing • Military and federal specifications, ASTM, ANSI, CID, NSF, TAPPI Complete Machine Shop & Electronic Shop • Tool and Jig prototyping • Custom Instrumentation Featured on YP.COM ,iet local advertising from AT&T Ad Solutions © 2010 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. http://www.nationaltestingstmduds.com/laboratoryservices/Li 1/30/2010 5:01:56 PM] Vational Testing Standards, Inc. Ask The Expert Please complete the form below. Print & Fax (714) 956-3152 it to us. We'll respond to you within 24 Hours. National Testing Standards, Inc. (714) 991-5520 Ask The Expert Facing an important decision? Want an outside opinion from someone with a few years of hands-on experience? Jot down your question below and we'll have a short response to you within 24 hours and there is no charge. Note: We never have and never will provide your e-mail address to spammers Qunk e-mail). Your Question: The Answer should be suitable for: Business Person Technical Person Doesn't Matter Name: Phone littp://wNN,w.nationaltestingstmdards.coin/asktheexpoiU[11/30/2010 5:02:13 PM1 4ational Testing Standards, Inc. Contact us for a personal consultation and quotes. We look forward to helping you meet all of your future testing challenges. National Testing Standards, Inc. 877 South Rose Place Anaheim, CA 92805-5337 (714)991-5520 (714)956-3152 (Fax) n ation altesti na® earth I ink. net Featured on YP.COM 4y Get local advertising from AT&T Ad Solutions © 2010 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. Licensed content used with permission. Sign In htip://www.nationaltestingstandirds.com/confactus/[11/30/20105:02:33 PMJ Tremco Incorporated 3735 Green Road- Beachwood, Ohio 44122 9216-292-5000 Alan D. Cantarini Senior Product Specialist Global Sealants Division January 1, 2009 RE: Spark Testing 60-Mil HDPE Heat Weld Seams To Whom It May Concern: 3 .it m,d �ti �33 .., 0h. E-mail: acantarini@tremcoinc.com Tremco requires an on -site Spark Test of the HDPE Heat Weld Seams. 1. There are two different types of equipment for spark testing, AC and DC. 2. The DC equipment needs a conductive wire or flat strip behind or inserted in to the HDPE Heat Weld Seam. The wire must provide a return circuit to the negative electrode of the power supply, either by direct connection and/or through a ground connection. ASTM D6365 describes the technique and provides an equation for the determination of the voltage to be used: Voltage (V) = 7900.vt where t (mm) is the distance being tested. 3. The equipment operator shall perform a calibration test to ensure that the equipment is working correctly. Tremco will provide written approval for Tremco Certified Applicators and Tremco Certified Consultants to operate, calibrate and use the on -site DC testing equipment. The AC equipment does not require the conductive wire or flat strip behind or inserted in to the HDPE Heat Weld Seam to be connected to the power supply to complete a circuit, however it does require a ground. The ground can be the surrounding soil. 5. Setting a voltage and moving the probe towards a grounded metal object determine the distance over which the spark can jump. The lack of a spark indicates a good leak free seam. A formal calibration can be done using BS358. Tremco will provide written approval for Tremco Certified Applicators and Tremco Certified Consultants to operate, calibrate and use the on -site AC testing equipment. 6. Spark testing of the HDPE Heat Weld Seams is necessary when the Heat Weld Seams are completed using an extruded welder. Extruded Heat Weld Seams will not create a center air channel for a smoke test, pressure test and/or a vacuum test. Solid Heat Wedge Welds, Hollow Heat Wedge Welds and Extruded Heat Welds on 60-Mil HDPE or Paraseal GM 60-Mil HDPE with Bentonite are all approved by Tremco. All Heat Weld Seam testing shall be in accordance with the project specifications, Tremco's Paraseal GM 60-Mil HDPE with Bentonite manual as well as per local building codes and city inspector testing requirements. Sincerely, 6Q a"4w Alan Cantarini An T.M. Company MIUM REM=*1:A UcT--T*Tn7 10.1 Welding Machines, Devices and Weld Seams HDPE geomembranes are manufactured from a nonpolar thermoplastic polymer which is chemically very stable but forms a melt above 140 °C, and so can be extruded at approximately 200 'C. Therefore in practice, HDPE geomembranes cannot be glued by chemical processes and welding by a thermal process is the jointing technology of choice. The Plastics Handbook (Saechtling et al. 1998) defines welding of thermoplastic polymers as "connecting ... with the use of heat and pres- sure and with or without the use of aid materials. The surface is heated to a temperature above melting point and joined under pressure in such a way that a connection as uniform as possible develops". The welding process therefore consists of a thermal process (melting of the material, the techni- cal literature often speaks of plasticising the material) and a theological process (melt flow and mixing of the melted material areas). It is beyond the scope of this book to deal with the "mixing" of polymeric materials, i.e. the behaviour of polymer -polymer interfaces and their dissolution by molecular interdiffusion in detail (Potente 1977; Wool et al. 1989). How- ever, for the following it is important only that the thermal process is trig- gered and controlled by a heat supply and the theological process of the melt flow by the application of an external force. The two processes can occur simultaneously or proceed consecutively depending on the way the welding process is performed in terms of process engineering. In principle, different welding methods (extrusion fillet welding, extru- sion flat welding, hot wedge welding and hot air welding) and correspond- ing types of seams (extrusion fillet seams, extrusion flat seams, hot wedge seams and hot air seams) are possible. Welding of large -area HDPE ge- omembranes is, however, predominantly carried out using hot wedge welding or extrusion fillet welding. Hot wedge welding usually produces two parallel seams with a channel between them, while extrusion fillet welding provides single extrusion fillet seams. In the following, these two procedures and the two relevant seam types will be dealt with in more de- tail. 380 10 Welding of HDPE Geomembranes The relevant guidelines of the German Society for Welding Technology and Associated Methods (Deutscher Verband fur Schweif3en and ver- wandte Verfahren e. V. (DVS), www.dvs-ev.de), which describes the state of the art of welding geomembranes in geotechnics in Germany, will be considered in detail. The operating conditions for welding machines and devices and the weld seams are described in the guidelines DVS 2225- 3:1997 Joining of Lining Membranes Made of Polymer Materials (Ge- omembranes) in Geotechnical and Hydraulic Applications —Requirements for Welding Machines and Welding Devices, and DVS 2225-1:1991 Join- ing of Lining Membranes Made of Polymer Materials (Geomembranes) in Geotechnical and Hydraulic Applications — Welding, Adhesive Bonding and Vulcanisation. There is a special guideline available for the use of HDPE geomembranes for lining landfills and contaminated land: DVS 2225-4:1992 Welding of Geomembranes from Polyethylene (PE) for - Lining Landfills and contaminated Land. The EPA/600/2-88/052:1991-05 Technical Guidance Document: In- spection Techniques for the Fabrication of Geomembrane Field Seams of the US Environmental Protection Agency (US -EPA) describes in detail welding methods, machines and devices as well as weld seams for HDPE geomembranes (Landreth 1991). However, US American and German guidelines are not completely similar in all details. Comparable to the German DVS, in the United Kingdom, The Welting Institute (TWI, www.twi.co.uk), offers information and advice on welding of plastic ge- omembranes. Hot wedge welding is carried out by a hot wedge (Fig. 10.1), which is heated to a temperature of 300-400 °C and is pulled between the overlap- ping lower and upper geomembranes. A system of guide rollers provides a complete surface contact between geomembrane and the two separate tracks of the dual hot wedge. The surface layers of the geomembranes are melted and the two melt layers are pressed together by a squeeze roller system immediately behind the wedge. Figure 10.2 gives a schematic rep- resentation of the procedure. In the hot wedge welding machine' the three substantial functional elements are integrated into one basic unit: the heat- ing system, i.e. the heatable wedge with its guide rollers, the pressure sys- tem, i.e. the squeeze roller and the pressure device, and the driver system, i.e. the drive rollers and the drive motor. The driver system ensures that the welding machine proceeds at a constant speed along the overlap joint and the two geomembranes are continuously welded. Usually the squeeze roll- ' The equipment is called welding machine if it is self-propelled and the pressure is produced by the machine. It is called a welding device or apparatus, if it is moved by hand and the pressure results from the welder's muscular force. 10.1 Welding Machines, Devices and Weld Seams 381 ers have a knurled surface and serve as drive rollers as well. Figure 10.3 shows a commercial hot wedge welding machine. Fig. 10.1. Sketch of a hot wedge. The two tracks, which glide along the geomem- brane surface and heat up a stripe of material, can be recognised. The geomem- brane surfaces are united by the wedge-shaped arrangement and pressed together by the squeeze rollers immediately behind the wedge nose. The groove between the tracks results in a test channel between the seams. The nipple is to prevent the welding bead or squeeze -out, i.e. melt, which is squeezed out when the melted ar- eas are pressed together, from clogging the test channel. Hot wedges are manufac- tured in different forms and lengths as well as with grooved or smooth tracks The key welding parameters that determine the hot wedge welding proc- ess are connected with these three functional elements: hot wedge tem- perature and hot wedge track length, which determine how the geomem- brane surface is melted by the hot wedge, the roller pressure which squeezes the melt layers together (more exactly: the force which is applied over the contact surface of the squeeze rollers) and finally the welding speed or seam velocity, which is adjusted with the driver system so deter- mining the contact time of the geomembranes on the hot wedge and under pressure. When the squeeze roller system simultaneously serves as driver system, it is assumed that the permissible pressure necessary for the weld- ing is always larger than the pressure necessary for advance and transport. This is usually, but not necessarily always, the case. One has to consider the case of a heavy machine, which has to weld up a steep slope. Hot wedge temperature, roller force and welding speed, as process engi- neering welding parameters, must allow the independent regulation and adjustment to the nominal value. The hot wedge track length is a given machine constant. The actual roller pressure induced by a certain force is machine dependent, too. The hot wedge welding process itself and the 382 10Welding ofHDP) Geomembranes choice of the welding parameters necessary for a high seam quality will be dealt with in detail in Sect. 10.3. Squeeze rollers, F ling speed, v nembranes Fig. 10.2. Schematic diagram of a hot wedge welding machine with the three sub- stantial functional elements: hot wedge (hot wedge temperature TIiw) with guide rollers and squeeze rollers (roller force F), which serve here simultaneously as driving rollers (Gehde 1999) (see also Fig. 4 in DVS 2225-1). The welding ma- chine travels at a welding speed v (in the picture to the right) on its travel rollers pushed by the squeeze rollers. If the subgrade of the geomembrane is too soft, the travel roller may "bulldoze" into the ground. In this case a base has to be pro- vided, e.g. a "drag strip" (from a piece of geomembrane), which is pulled along step by step In dual hot wedge welding the wedge (Fig. 10.1) and the squeeze roller system are built in such a way that in the overlap, two seams, called front and rear seam or first and second seam, are produced separated by a small gap, the so-called test channel, which is used for the non-destructive test- ing of the tightness of the seam (Fig. 10.4). This weld seam is called dual hot wedge seam or hot wedge seam with air channel. The shape of the seam must meet certain geometrical requirements. Figure 10.4 shows the requirements in accordance with DVS 2225-4 for a hot wedge seam with air channel on 2.5 min thick HDPE geomembranes, used in Germany for lining of landfills and contaminated land. Of special importance for the as- sessment of seam quality is the so-called thielmess reduction due to joining sr defined as: 10.1 Welding Machines, Devices and Weld Seams 383 s,. (d, +db)—ds . (10.1) The symbols are explained in Fig. 10.4. The importance of this quantity will be dealt with in more detail in the section after next. Fig. 10.3. Photographs of a hot wedge welding machine. Compact, electronically controlled machines with display, control desk and data logger are offered by sev- eral manufacturers. On the right, the travel rollers are seen underneath and on the lower geomembrane as well as the hot wedge over which the two geomembranes are guided Today robust and easy -to -use hot wedge welding machines are available which fulfil the high technical requirements. Impairment by mechanical in- fluences during operation and transport, and by dirt and moisture cannot be avoided on civil and hydraulic engineering construction sites. The ma- chines must function faultlessly under these conditions. The conclusion is that the electrical and electronic components particularly must be protected against corrosion and contamination and that the functional elements, in particular the hot wedge, must be easily accessible, easy to clean and maintain under these conditions. The basic frame must be light and easy to handle. On the other hand, it must be so stable and torsion -resistant that the forces developed when applying the pressure can be absorbed with little deformation. The mechanics of the guide rollers, the pressure element and 384 10 Welding ofHDPE Geomembranes the hot wedge must allow a limited mobility, so that the hot wedge has proper access to the surfaces of the geomembranes under operating condi- tions. Fig. 10.4. Dual hot wedge seam with test channel: schematic view of the test specimen for the tensile test (top left), out from a sample, which is taken from the weld seam. The upper geomembrane extends to the left, the lower to the right. The rear overlap shortened for the tensile shear test is indicated with dotted lines. The dimensions, characteristic for this seam shape, are indicated: d, (thickness of the top geomembrane), db (thickness of the bottom geomembrane), dsl, ds2 (thickness of the front and rear seam), wSI, ws2 (width of the front and rear seam), wT (width of the test channel), of and 02 (overlap in front and in the back). According to DVS 2225-4 the following requirements apply to dual hot wedge seams of HOPE - geomembranes for landfill lining: d, and db ? 2.5 mm, 5 mm <_ of _<15 mm, 02 >_ 40 nun, wS, and wS2 >_ 15 mm, as well as wT>_ 10 mm. Further, requirements are made on the seam thickness (and thickness reduction), see text. DVS 2226-2 stipulates the following dimensions for the test specimen for tensile shear test: width >_ 15 mm and at least 5 times geomembrane thickness, gauge length (clamp distance) = 100 mm + seam width. Overall length _> gauge length + 50 mm. Bot- tom right: schematic view of the test specimen as inserted in the short-term or long-term peel test device. Its dimensions in accordance with DVS 2226-3: width >_ 15 mm and at least 5 times geomembrane thickness, length of the two legs = at least 10 times geomembrane thickness in each case, gauge length = 40 times ge- omembrane thickness, overall length >_ clamping length + 50 mm. The squeeze - out, which fortes at the seam edges, is indicated 10.1 Welding Machines, Devices and Weld Seams 385 Some of the current requirements of DVS 2225-4 on the operation and control of the functional elements are set out here. The hot wedge tempera- ture must allow a continuous temperature adjustment up to 400 °C and regulated to between ± 5 'C. The temperature measured on the surface of the hot wedge point near the place where the geomembrane leaves the hot wedge can be used as a control parameter. The roller force must allow it to be regulated with a maximum tolerance of ± 100 N. With sudden changes in geomembrane thickness, such as at T-junctions, the roller pressure usu- ally exceeds the permissible tolerance. The guideline requires that this ex- cess does not exceed 30 % of the adjusted value. The pressure system must apply the roller pressure evenly on front and rear seams. Permissible dif- ference in thickness reduction s, of the two seams may not exceed 0.1 mm. Welding speed must allow adjustment and regulation with an accuracy of ± 5 cm/min. Modern machines regulate the welding parameters (hot wedge tempera- ture, roller force and welding speed) to the adjusted nominal values, indi- cate the actual values on a display, announce inadmissible deviations with an audio signal and print an error log. They are additionally equipped with data acquisition, which stores the welding parameter values electronically at regular intervals (e.g. every 2.5 cm seam length). The data can be read out after welding the seam, graphically represented on a laptop and ana- lysed. Ranges of abrupt thiclmess changes are indicated where the roller force ran out of the permissible parameter window. Such places can be more thoroughly looked at, evaluated and examined if necessary. Apart from the welding parameters, surface temperature of the geomembrane and air humidity should be included in the data acquisition. Using such an automatic welding machine is often referred to as "smart welding". Using hot wedge welding, geomembranes can be welded by the ma- chine continuously over large seam lengths. Seams can be produced which have been welded with welding parameters clearly specified in terms of process engineering and regulated to the required nominal value. The dual seam provides additional safety. The tightness can be evaluated non- destructively using the test channel over a large seam length. Therefore, as far as technically possible, the geomembrane should be welded using this welding method. There are however difficult -to -access weld areas, connec- tions to buildings and penetration systems, repairs and rework, which can- not be machine -welded. In such cases extrusion fillet welding using an ex- truding fillet welding device should be selected as the joining technology (Struve 1990). In extrusion fillet welding of geomembranes a melt strand (extrudate) of the same or very similar HDPE resin material as the geomembrane is ap- 386 10 Welding of HDPE Geomembranes plied along the edge of the overlap (Fig. 10.5). The extruded material strand has to be merged with both geomembranes. Therefore the geomem- brane surface is heated by hot air directly before applying the strand. Heat transfer between the strand and the unprepared surface of the geomem- brane is, however, poor. Therefore the range, which has to be over -welded, must be additionally prepared. Seam preparation requires special attention with the extrusion fillet welding. A thin layer of wax, which can form from low -molecular polyethylene molecules diffusing to the surface of the ge- omembrane and any oxidation layer must be ground off, the leading edge of the upper geomembrane must be tapered to a 45' bevel and the two ge- omembranes must be tacked using simple portable hot air welding devices so that an overlap develops with a rigid fixed contact. Small hand held electric rotary grinders and sufficiently fine sandpaper are used for surface preparation. When tapering the edge of the upper geomembrane, the weld- ing zone of the lower geomembrane must not be damaged by deep scoring or grooving. The end result must be an even, finely grained surface, with the grinding marks running predominantly perpendicularly to the seam. All of the material ground off must be wiped or blown away from the welding zone. The worked welding zone must later be completely covered with the extrudate. Careful attention must be paid not only to the surface properties of the worked welding zone, but also its width. Seam preparation in extru- sion fillet welding is thus laborious and lengthy and requires patience and manual skill. This is one of the reasons why hot wedge machine welding should be used as far as technically possible. The extrudate used with extrusion fillet welding should consist of the same resin as that of the geomembrane to be welded, or at least of an HDPE material with very similar flow properties'. A seam of sufficient quality to meet the required standards can only be reached under such con- ditions. In accordance with DVS 2207:1995-08 Welding of Thermoplastics — Heated Tool Welding of Pipes, Pipeline Components and Sheets Made of PE -HD the rule applies that HDPE resins with a melt mass -flow rate (MFR 190/5, see Sect. 3.2.4) within the range between 0.3 and 1.7 g/10min may be welded with each other. In the outdated standard DIN 16776-1:1984 Polyethylene and Ethylene Copolymer Thermoplastics; Classification and Designation the resins had been classified according to melt flow rate classes defined in Table 3.4. The above -mentioned range covers half of the melt mass -flow rate class T003 and, in addition, the melt mass -flow rate classes T006 and T012 and then a small part of the melt mass -flow rate class T022. This rule was slightly extended for HDPE ge- omembranes so that geomembranes themselves and geomembrane and ex- ' Of course, stress crack resistance and oxidation stability must be comparable too. 10.1 Welding Machines, Devices and Weld Seams 397 trudate can be welded if they are in the same melt flow rate class, or if the resins belong to the neighbouring classes T006 and T012 (Muller 2001). a d, Fig. 10.5. Schematic view of a test specimen from an extrusion fillet seam. The top geomembrane extends to the right, the lower to the left. The dimensions char- acteristic for this weld shape are indicated: d, (thickness of the top geomembrane), db (thickness of the bottom geomembrane), ds (thickness of the seam), ws (width of the seam), a (off -setting, disalignment), o (overlap). DVS 2225-4 stipulates the following requirements on extrusion fillet seams of HDPE geomembranes for landfill lining: d, and db >_ 2.5 min, o ? 40 mm, ws >_ 30 mm, a <_ 5 mm. Further requirements are made on the factor of seam thickness, see the text The technical terms of delivery for extrudates are described in the DVS 221.1:1979 Filler Materials for Thermoplastics — Scope, Designation, Requirements and Tests. If there is a deviation from the rule specified above, which is unnecessary with newly installed geomembranes but may especially occur when new geomembranes are joined to geomembranes al- ready installed in a former construction section, then the guidelines de- mand that a suitability test is performed on a case -by -case basis. What a suitability test should consist of for an extrusion fillet seam or a dual hot wedge seam is so far, however, not clearly regulated. Most often, the re- sults of short time tensile shear tests and short time peel tests are used to evaluate the seam. The assessment procedure described in Sect. 10.3, how- ever, offers the possibility of performing a systematic quantitative evalua- tion of the seam quality for dual hot wedge seams and should therefore be used as suitability test. The hand-held portable extrusion welding device or apparatus also con- sist of three functional elements: preheat system for the hot air, which is used to preheat the welding zone; the plasticising system with temperature control, a small extruder, in which the extrudate pellets or an extrudate rod are melted, homogenised and brought to a controlled mass temperature and from where the melt strand is discharged at a certain discharge speed 388 10 Welding ofHDPE Geomembranes through the Teflon welding die which is the third functional element. Fig- ure 10.6 shows a schematic of the device. The extrudate is smoothed, formed and transported to the weld area over the welding die. The die has two lateral support surfaces with which the device rests on the geomem- brane. Extrudate rod Power supply Extrudate granule Air supply Extruder die gas device Fig. 10.6. Schematic view of extrusion welding equipment (the figure is based on Fig. 2 of DVS 2209-1). The resin of the extrudate is filled as granules or as a rod in a small extruder. The melt flows over a Teflon welding die. The Teflon welding die consists of a horseshoe -shaped skid (schematic diagram, view from below), which slides along the geomembrane. The extrudate is discharged between the legs and is advanced onto the geomembrane. Immediately before the front end of the Teflon welding die the geomembrane is warmed up by a hot air unit, which is connected to the mainframe Extrusion welding produces a so-called extrusion fillet seam. Figure 10.5 shows the seam shape. Certain geometrical conditions are required of this seam shape as well. Figure 10.5 shows the dimensions of the extrusion fillet seam in accordance with DVS 2225-4 for minimum 2.5 mm thick FIDPE geomembranes used in Germany for lining landfills and contami- nated land. In addition to the actual dimensions, the so-called factor of seam thickness fsA is used to assess seam quality: 1.0.2 Testing Seams 389 f = ds (10.2) snd,+db The symbols are defined in Fig. 10.5. Subject to repeated discussion is the issue of whether or not beads may be squeezed out on the right and left under the support surfaces of the welding die. In this respect one should pay attention to two aspects: first, large squeeze -out are an indication that proper craftsmanship has not been applied, i.e. the lateral supports of the extrusion die were not directly seated on the geomembrane, the extrudate temperature was improper for adequate flow or the seaming velocity was too slow. Second, the squeeze -out may not under any circumstances have damaging consequences, such as obstructing vacuum testing or encourag- ing the whole seam to peel off when the squeeze -out is pulled up. Not all welding parameters are defined exactly or regulated in terms of process engineering within extrusion welding procedure. In accordance with the guidelines the mass temperature of the extrudate must be regu- lated and controlled to ± 10 °C and the hot air temperature continuously adjusted to 350 °C and regulated up to ± 20 'C. However, the temperature of the hot air preheated geomembrane is not yet explicitly determined by adjusting these parameters. Welding pressure and welding speed depend on the capacity of the extruder, geometry of the Teflon welding die and the welder's skill. None of the process parameters are quantitatively recorded in current welding engineering practice. The quality of the extrusion fillet seam chiefly depends on the welder's experience, knowledge, manual skills and physical ability. In those critical places of a geomembrane liner, such as penetration points and connections to structures in the deepest point of the liner sys- tem, extrusion fillet seams are often necessary. Therefore, the importance of a technically qualified and experienced installation contractor to pro- duce seals of high quality with geomembranes can hardly be overesti- mated. On the other hand, thermoplastic geomembranes are the only seal- ing materials that enable the manufacture of a really watertight and homogenous seam without any bonding agent especially in such critical places. 10.2 Testing Seams The dual hot wedge seams and extrusion fillet seams must be tested on the construction site. The construction -site tests are supplemented to a certain extent with tests under laboratory conditions. In the laboratory, long-term 390 10 Welding ofHDPE Geomembranes tests on weld seams can be performed. Long-term tests are in principle aimed at investigating the influence of the welding process parameters on seam quality, long -terns behaviour of the seams and welding properties of various resins. Construction site tests are described in the guideline DVS 2225-2:1992 Joining of Lining Membranes Made of Polymer Material in Geotechnical and Hydraulic Engineering, Site testing and in the DVS 2225-4. The stan- dard ASTM D4437-84 Practice for Determining the Integrity of Field Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes also con- tains a brief overview. Pressurised -air testing and vacuum testing are also covered by ASTM standards: ASTM D5820-95 Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed Geomembranes and ASTM D5641-94 Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber. The tests are to help adjust the process parameters by trial and error. (A systematic adjustment of the process parameters with regard to the optimum seam quality can be performed using the process model de- scribed below.) The tests mainly enable the determination of the quality of the seams with respect to specifications developed from field experience and non-destructive proof of its water tightness. The following seam prop- erties are investigated: external appearance, the dimensions, strength and, of course, watertightness. The external appearance is controlled by visual inspection. The naked eye of the examiner assesses whether the seam exhibits perfect craftsman- ship. The assistance of a blunt instrument (e.g. a screwdriver) is needed, which is moved along the seam edge and some pressure applied. Even this simple, so called mechanical point stressing test may reveal individual de- fects or unbonded areas, in particular in the case of extrusion fillet seams. Usually, the instrument only leads the eye of the examiner. Only qualita- tive instructions can be given concerning the requirements of the visual in- spection. The examiner must observe shape and appearance, central posi- tion and uniform boundary regions of the seam. He must evaluate the squeeze -out on the edge of dual hot wedge seams and extrusion fillet seams and the smooth and streak -free texture of the surface of the fillet seams and look for inadmissible notches and scoring from the preparation of the joining zones with extrusion fillet seams and of T-junctions and structured geomembranes with the hot wedge welding. Obviously, this test can only be performed by an experienced specialist with extensive training in welding technology, no matter if he acts for the in-house monitoring by the installation contractor or for third -party inspection by an independent body. When performing such an important, but only qualitatively de- scribed test, which is so crucial for extrusion fillet seams whose quality depends to a large extent on the welder's manual skills, all involved should 10.2 Testing Seams 391 agree on the quality criteria for perfect welding zone preparation, for ap- pearance and surface texture prior to the commencement of welding by in- specting a longer stripe of the test seams. The dimensions of the seams are determined on specimens from test samples, which are usually taken at the beginning and end of the seam. The relevant dimensions are shown in Figs. 10.4 and 10.5. The width of the rear overlap should be at least 40 min to allow easy handling in tensile tests, such as peel tests and tensile shear tests. For HDPE geomembranes used in landfills and for containment of contaminated land, there are minimum requirements on other dimensions in the DVS 2225-4 guideline. In addition to the actual dimensions, the previously mentioned reduction in thickness s,. (Eq. 10.1) for dual hot wedge seams and the factor of seam thickness fsn (Eq. 10.2) for extrusion fillet seam are important parameters. There are defaults given in the guidelines. It holds for the thickness reduc- tion: 0.25s,.50.8. (10.3) The factor of seam thickness for extrusion fillet seam must meet the fol- lowing requirement: 1.25 <_ fs,4 <_ 1.75. (10.4) In the case of extrusion fillet seams, off -setting of the centre of the seam from the edge of the upper geomembrane may not exceed 5 mm. The dimensions and, to certain extent, homogeneity of the seam can be tested non-destructively using ultrasonic measurements. A small ultrasonic measuring head is placed on a clean, even part of the seam, impulses at an ultrasonic frequency of 4 to 6 MHz are sent through it and the delay time of the echoes from the back of the seam and the geomembrane, or a defect in the searn, is measured (pulse -echo testing). The thickness can be deter- mined from the delay time of the geomembrane back echo. Coupling of the probe is made over water or special pastes. The test should not be started within one hour of welding the seam. On the construction site small hand devices are used which, after adjustment and calibration on planar refer- ence plates, directly indicate the thickness. Such devices cannot only be used for random sampling but also for systematic measurement of the thickness reduction along the seam. Shorter echo delay times indicate de- fects in the seam. Enclosed dirt, pores and air gaps in the seam also gener- ate ultrasonic echoes. Ultrasonic measurements can therefore indicate seam inhomogeneity. Welded areas, which are only superficially attached or not sufficiently melted, cannot be recognised. 392 10 Welding of HDPE Geomembranes The strength of the seam is tested in the peel test. The test is described in the guideline DVS 2226:1997-07 Testing of Fusion on PE -Liner — Peel Testing and in the Standard ASTM D6392-99 Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Nonreinforced Geomembrane Seams Pro- duced Using Thermo -Fusion Methods. It is now state of the art that peel tests can be carried out on the construction site with a tensile test device, which allows a peel test of the required constant test speed. Times are long forgotten when converted car jacks with a crank handle were used. How- ever, the test has to be performed in the laboratory in strict accordance with the requirements of the guidelines or standards by the third party in- spector as well. A minimum of 15 mm but usually a 20 mm broad strip is cut off transversely to the seam as a test specimen. Figure 10.4 shows the test specimen. The overlapping ends are unfolded and then clamped in such a way in a tensile test device that the joining plane or welded area, i.e. the imaginary plane in the centre of the seam, lies in the middle between the clamps. The specimen is pulled at a test speed of 50 mm/min and the deformation and failure behaviour is observed. The test result is the de- scription of the deformation and failure behaviour, which is, however, only qualitatively assessed, and the quantitative evaluation of peel strength (maximum force at break) and peel separation (ratio of the area of separa- tion to the original bonded area, both areas estimated by "visual approxi- mation"). Standards for peel testing are described in the above -mentioned guide- lines DVS 2225-1 to 2225-4 and in the GRI Standard GM19 Seam Strength and Related Properties of Thermally Bonded Polyolefin Ge- omembranes. A weld seam between HDPE geomembranes has good seam strength, if it does not peel off and the basic material in the test strip strains and breaks outside the seam. With the dual hot wedge seam, straining and peel -off in the boundary region of the seam (i.e. peel separation) is still permissible by some regulations, if the residual width of the seam is larger than the minimum width required for the respective application, 15 min according to DVS 2225-4 for instance, or if it is less than 10 % of the in- tended seam width. However, as was stated by I. Peggs: zero peel separa- tion is regularly achieved by capable operators, therefore it should be rec- ormnended (Peggs 2005). When extrusion fillet seams are tested they can still be passed if the extrudate strains and tears in certain cases and the maximum tensile force reached is "within the order of magnitude" (DVS 2225-4) of the comparable maximum tensile force of the tensile shear test (see below) on the extrusion fillet seams. A seam (dual hot wedge seam or extrusion fillet seam) does not have undoubtedly sufficient strength when it either peels off or the test specimen breaks in the bound- 10.2 Testing Seams 393 ary region or outside the seam in a brittle way without any clear elonga- tion. The peel test in accordance with DVS 2226-3 or other standards gener- ally serves to test the jointing connections in polymeric material geomem- branes. Seams of soft PVC geomembranes, ECB geomembranes and elas- tomer geomembranes, such as EPDM geomembranes' are also tested using this test. Usually, these seams peel off. The medium force, which must be applied when peeling, related to the width of the test strip is called peel strength. The unit of this quantity is therefore N/mm. The seam strength exhibited when peeling seams is then assessed by the size of the peel strength. Although a perfect seam between HDPE geomembranes may not peel off, the DVS guideline defines the maximum tensile force related to the specimen width that can be measured, even when elongating and tear- ing of the test strip outside the seam, as peel strength. The DVS 2226- 1:2000 Testing of Fused Joints on Liners Made of Polymer Materials - Testing Procedure, Requirements specifies a thickness -dependent mini- mum value for this "peel strength" for HDPE geomembranes: 15 • d N/mm (d: value of thickness of the geomembrane measured in mm). For a 2.5 mm geomembrane one obtains 37.5 N/mm. Considerable lower values are specified in the GM19 standard for smooth and structured HDPE ge- omembranes, e.g. 26 N/mm for hot wedge seams of 2.5 mm geomem- branes. The use of the same term for two different fracture modes — namely peeling off a seam and elongating and tearing the test strip outside the seam — can easily lead to misunderstandings. The so-called "peel strength" for HDPE geomembranes should therefore be used very carefully. Since a clear elongation is required before the test strip tears, the maximum tensile force related to the initial cross section of the strip should be at least in the range of the yield stress, which formally corresponds to the required minimum value of the peel strength. On the other hand, it is doubtful whether one may compare the maximum tensile forces on specimens de- formed by shear flow near or at the edge of the seam from different HDPE materials and with different seam geometry. The maximum tensile force in the tensile test with HDPE geomembranes is highly sensitive to the test specimen characteristics. 3 Soft PVC: polyvinyl chloride with low -molecular organic mixtures as softeners; ECB: ethylene copolymer bitumen; EPDM: ter -polymer from polyethylene, poly- propylene and dien-monomers. This terpolymer is a rubber, which can be inter- laced with sulphur to an elastomer by the double bonds, brought in over the dien- monomers (vulcanisation). 394 10 Welding ofHDPE Geomembranes AD1 AD2 ETIM 1 Ce AD AD-BRK Fig. 10.7. Examples for the locus -of -break code of ASTM D6392 and GM19. AD is described as failure in adhesion, AD-BRK as break in a seam of either the top or bottom sheet after some adhesion failure, AD-WLD as a break in the fillet either in centre or off centre A quantitative evaluation of the peel test, i.e. the determination of the peel strength or peel separation, is usually only possible in the laboratory. Here a tensile shear test, another short -time tensile test, can be carried out for the quantitative assessment of the seam, too. The test method is de- scribed in the DVS 2226-2:1997 Testing of Fused Joints on Liners Made of Polymer Materials — Lap Shear Test and in ASTM D6392. The tensile shear test is similar to the peel test with respect to the test parameters. However in this test, the specimen is clamped at the strip end of the lower geomembraue on one side of the seam and at the strip end of the upper ge- omembrane on the other side of the seam. Figure 10.4 shows the test specimen. The seam lies in the middle and across the tensile direction. If the test strip elongates and tears in this test outside the seam, then good seam strength is assigned to the seam. The ratio of the maximum tensile force in the tensile shear test on the test strip with a seam to the maximum tensile force determined on a test strip of the geomembrane without a seam, is called the short -time welding factor or short -tune seam strength factor. Experience -supported typical values and minimum values can be derived for this welding factor. However, similar reservations apply, which were made in connection with the peel strength above. DVS 2226-1 re- quires a factor >_ 0.9. GM19 specifies thickness dependent values for the tensile strength measured in N/25mm. To make the important qualitative criteria of clear and unambiguous yielding of the specimen material out- side of the seam more quantitative, the shear elongation is defined in ASTM D6392 as percent ratio of extension at test end (after breaking) to original gauge length. Usually a value of greater than 100 % is required. However, allowable shear elongation for structured geomembranes should be determined on a case -by -case basis. Since some manufacturing proc- 10.2 Testing Seams 395 esses have strong influence on the elongation at break point of the struc- tured geomembrane in the tensile test. It was repeatedly mentioned that the qualitative assessment of the de- formation behaviour and rupture mode of the specimens in the peel test as well as in the shear test are of paramount importance. It is getting tedious to say that these tests can only be performed and evaluated by trained and experienced specialists. To offer some help in communicating test result GM19 and ASTM D6392 offer a classification scheme for rupture modes or "a locus -of -break code" (Fig. 10.7). Using this code it may be said that adhesion failures (AD, AD and AD2) or break in the seam (AD-BRK) are clearly unacceptable, break through the fillet (AD-)A7LD) is acceptable only when certain minimum specification values for strength and elonga- tion at break are met. Finally, on the construction site, the tightness of the seams must be tested. Dual hot wedge seams with a test channel are tested using a pres- surised air test, the extrusion fillet seams with a vacuum box or high volt- age test. The pressurised air test is described in the guideline DVS 2225-4 and with slight differences in parameters and procedures in the standard ASTM D5820-95 Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evalua- tion of Dual Seamed Geomembranes. Dual hot wedge seams with a test chamiel can thus be non-destructively tested over the entire seam length, which can be as long as 300 metres. A compressed air test can begin about 1 hour after welding at the earliest. At one end of the seam an FIDPE quick coupling hose connector nipple is welded to the test channel, to which a compressor with a pressure gauge and a pressure recorder is attached. The test chancel is blown through and welded shut or clamped hermetically at the other end of the seam. Compressed air is then applied. First, pressure is adjusted above the actual test pressure for approx. 1 minute. The test chan- nel must open and bulge out first. After this pre -loading the proper test pressure is adjusted. The selected test pressure is, to certain extent, based on the geomembrane temperature and test channel width. It is usually about 3-5 bar (300-500 kPa). After the test pressure has been adjusted, the actual test begins. The pressure is recorded over a test period of 10 minutes continuously with the pressure recorder. The pressure gauge must corre- spond to the test device class 1.0 in accordance with EN 8371. The meas- 4 EN 837-1:1996 Pressure Gauges —Part 1: Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauges - Dimensions, Metrology, Requirements and Testing EN 837-1:1996 Pressure Gauges —Part 2: Selection and Installation Recommen- dations for Pressure Gauges EN 837-1:1996 Pressure Gauges — Part 3: Diaphragm and Capsule Pressure Gauges — Dimensions, Metrology, Requirements and Testing 396 10 Welding ofHDPE Geomembranes urement range of the pressure gauge and recorder should be no larger than double the test pressure and the scale not courser than 0.1 bar (10 kPa). During the test time the pressure must not drop more than 10 % of the ini- tial value. At the end of the test time the test channel is opened at the clamped or welded end. Air must suddenly escape and the pressure gauge reading drop rapidly. With this inspection results the tested seam section qualifies as tight. If the inspection result deviates from these requirements, then error tracing begins. Sometimes the seam section must be further tested piece by piece, until the error sources are identified. Testing tightness of the extrusion fillet seams is more laborious. They must be tested piece by piece by applying a vacuum box or chamber using the vacuum box method. The vacuum box test is described in the guideline DVS 2225-4 and with slight differences in parameters and procedures in the standard ASTM D5641-94 Standard Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber. The testing device consists typically of a 10 cm long and about 10-15 cm wide transparent test box, whose edge is provided with a flexible sealing ring, so that the box can be pressed her- metically on the weld seam section. A small pump and a pressure gauge are attached to the box. The measurement range of the pressure gauge and recorder should be no larger than double the test pressure and the scale not courser than 0.1 bar (10 kPa). For transition zones between slope and base, edges and corners there are specially formed test boxes available. This test should also start 1 hour after welding at the earliest. The seam section, which is to be tested, is covered or sprayed with a bubble -forming liquid. The vacuum box is placed on the geomembrane and then a vacuum applied. During the test a vacuum of at least 0.5 bar (50 kPa) must be kept constant for at least 10 seconds. In a leaky place the liquid will make bub- bles. If the vacuum can be built up "rapidly", the pressure maintained for the duration of the test and no bubbles are observed, then the tested section is considered as tight. The test box is ventilated. Places, in which bubbles had formed, are marked and repaired later. The test box is then placed on the next section brushed -in or sprayed with test liquid. The test sections must overlap by at least 10 cm. Extrusion fillet seams can be non-destructively tested using another test- ing method, namely a high voltage electrical test. This procedure is used instead of the vacuum test above all on places, which are difficult to access with the vacuum box. The description of the procedure again follows the guideline DVS 2225-1. Further details may be obtained from the standard ASTM D6365-99 Standard practice for the Nondestructive Testing of Ge- omembrane Seams using the Spark Test. Use is made of the fact that a gas discharge occurs between two electrodes when high voltage is applied. The spark discharge is visible and audible: it sparks and cracks. The test 10.2 Testing Seams 397 equipment consists of a high voltage source to which a brush electrode or a ball electrode is attached. At the back of the extrusion fillet seam, along the overlapping edge of the upper geomembrane, an electrode, such as a wire of good electrical conductivity, is placed and over -welded. The welded -in electrode is earthed. The testing voltage applied to the brush electrode must not exceed the breakdown voltage of the HDPE geomem- brane. The height of the voltage on the other hand determines the possible length of the discharge distance. The permissible test voltage is 60 kV for HDPE geomembranes with a thickness of 2.5 mm. Thus a sparking dis- tance of approx. 20 mm can be reached. A central electrode lying in the seam thus enables 30 to 40 mm wide extrusion fillet seams to be tested. The brush travels at a speed of approx. 10 m/min along the seam edge. However, only such defects can be detected where a sufficiently short dis- charge distance develops over a sufficiently large air duct r•urming almost perpendicularly to the seam. Such defects trigger a spark discharge. The relevant places are marked and repaired. What "sufficiently" really means is not clear and this test fails to recognise closed but poorly attached seam zones anyway. The effectiveness and reliability of this test method is therefore disputed. So far construction site tests have been discussed which are supple- mented by tests in the laboratory (peel and tensile shear test), for example by an independent inspection body that carries out the third -party control. In addition, there are laboratory tests on weld seams where the aim is to clarify fundamental questions, i.e. the dependence of quality of the weld seam on the welding parameters and the long-term behaviour. These are the long-term tensile creep test (more exactly: the long-term tensile shear creep test), the long-term slow tensile test, the long-term relaxation test and the long-term peel creep test. The tests are characterised as "long- term" since they are performed at elevated temperature to accelerate proc- esses that might lead to failure. In addition a water bath or a water - surfactant solution is used to accelerate brittle failure. The long-term tensile creep test was discussed in great detail in Sect. 3.2.16, for testing stress crack resistance of structured geomembranes. The same test can be performed on weld seams. The guideline DVS 2226- 4:2000 Testing of Joints on Liners Made of Polymer Materials — Tensile Creep Test on PE describes the test method. The specimens are prepared in accordance with the DVS 2226-2 guideline (see Fig. 10.4) for the short- term tensile shear test and clamped in the long-term tensile creep test appa- ratus. The long-term peel creep test has not been standardised yet but is carried out analogous to as the long-term tensile creep test. The test speci- men is prepared according to the instructions of the peel test guideline DVS 2226-3 (see Fig. 10.4) and clamped in the long-term tensile creep test 398 10 Welding of HDPE Geomembranes apparatus. Usually, not the applied stress (unit: N/mmz) is used as a test parameter but a line test force defined as applied tensile force related to the width of the test specimen (unit: N/mm). The long-term peel creep test is dealt with in greater detail in the next section. The question of the long-term behaviour of geomembrane seams was originally tackled by using concepts from the well -established field of polyethylene pipe seam testing and evaluation. The so called long -tern welding factor or long-term seam strength factor was introduced by G. Diedrich and E. Gaube for the description of the long-term behaviour and. quality of weld seams in polyethylene pipes and plates compared to the base material (Diedrich and Gaube 1970, 1973). A short discussion of the derivation of this factor might be helpful in understanding the approach to characterise the long-term behaviour of geomembrane seams. For testing the long-term behaviour of pipes the pipe pressure test is used (Sects. 5.4 and 3.2.13). This test can also be performed on a pipe sec- tion welded together from two pipe parts. To evaluate the long -tern be- haviour, the brittle branch of the hoop stress versus time -to -failure curve is determined i.e. the range of the curve where the fracture mode can be clearly characterised as brittle failure due to stress crack formation. Results from G. Diedrich and E. Gaube as well as other working groups showed that the location of the branch and therefore the medium service lives did not differ in unwelded and correctly butt welded pipes in the brittle range at all test temperatures. Failure usually arose in the base material of the pipe. The result shows that the butt -welded seam is not a weals point, which would dramatically impair the maximum strength in the pipe. From this, however, no conclusion can be made on the quality of the seam and on its long-term strength in comparison to the base material. In the pipe pressure test the longitudinal component of stress, i.e. the stress perpendicular to the plane of the seam of the butt -welded seam, is only half of the hoop stress. The weld seam is thus exposed to a much smaller tensile stress than the base material in planes outside the seam. Therefore, G. Diedrich and E. Gaube cut out tensile test bars (parallel test bars or strip specimens and shoulder test bars) from the pipe walls, once without a weld seam and once with a central weld seam and tested them in long -tern tensile tests. The plane of the seam is now essentially perpendicular to the tensile stress and the weld seam area and the base ma- terial is similarly loaded. By measuring the times -to -failure at different tensile stresses, a brittle branch of the tensile stress versus time -to -failure curve was found both for the base material and for the seam. Depending on the quality of the seam and type of welding method (e.g. hot element butt welding and extrusion welding) different positions in the hoop stress ver- sus time -to -failure diagram were found for the seam's brittle branch in 10.2 Testing Seams 399 comparison to the branch of the base material. These differences are de- scribed by the long-term seam strength factor. The long-term seam strength factor is defined as the ratio of the two stresses, one on the brittle branch of the tensile stress versus time -to -failure curve of the seam sam- ple, the other one on the brittle branch of the base material, which leads to the same time -to -failure. Or expressed in a different way: the long-term seam strength factor indicates, how the tensile stress must be reduced so that the same medium time -to -failure can be reached for the pipe with a weld seam as for a pipe without seam. In an ideal case the long-term seam strength factor should be unity: weld seam and base material behave in the same way. However, the branches of base material and weld seam in the pipe pressure test diagram rarely rim in such a way that the same long-term seam strength factor can be calculated for each stress. Usually the long- term seam strength factor depends rather strongly on the testing stress. The test method and the determination of the long-term seam strength factor were standardised in the guideline DVS 2203-4:1997 Testing Welded Joints on Thermoplastic Plates and Pipes — Long-term Tensile Test. A long-term seam strength factor can; however; also be defined as the ratio of the tune -to -failure of a seam to that of the base material at a pre-set test stress. One then obtains a factor with which the service life of the pipes must be reduced to take account of pipe seams. In the late eighties it was suggested that this procedure could be used for geomembrane seams as well. The long-term tensile creep test (or more ex- actly the long-term tensile shear creep test) and the determination of the long-term seam strength factor derived from it was used by J. Hessel and P. John for the characterisation of the long-term behaviour of weld seams (dual hot wedge seam and extrusion fillet seam) with geomembranes (Hessel and John 1987). The test and procedure for the determination of the "long-term seam strength factor" of geomembrane seams was de- scribed in the DVS 2226-4 specified above. However; there are three unre- solved methodical problems in the application to geomembranes for this procedure. 1. The time -to -failure of a specimen from an unwelded geomembrane and thus the reference value for the time -to -failure of the weld seam depends highly on the type of specimen preparation. The specimens from the base material always fail by stress crack formation, which begins at machining defects located at the edge of the specimen. Punched tensile test bars fail rapidly; specimens sawed with a high- speed tungsten carbide saw or milled with high-speed milling endure longer. The time -to -failure increases if the edges are smoothed with fine sandpaper. Only if completely smooth cut edges are produced by 400 10 Welding of HDPE Geomembranes cutting by a microtome blade or very fine plane will a range of times - to -failure be reached where, in individual cases, stress cracks initiated from the geomembrane surface result in a failure. The time -to -failure obtained in this case is very long for HDPE geomembranes of accept- able stress crack resistance (> 10,000 h). It follows from this observa- tion that the long-term seam strength factor is larger or smaller de- pending on the quality of the specimen preparation, i.e. it depends on the preparation technique. In accordance with the DVS 2226-4 guide- line the tensile test bars must not be punched. Rather they may "... be manufactured by sawing, milling or cutting (e.g. using a water jet). In order to attain a notch -free cut section, these have to be repeated if necessary by smoothing in a longitudinal direction." But even such a detailed description of specimen preparation fails to provide a clear definition of a reference value for the base material. To avoid this ambiguity in the DVS 2226-1a minimum time -to -failure of the basic material for the determination of the long-term seam strength factor was required: for HDPE geomembranes a time -to fail- ure of 500 h at a test stress of 4 N/mrn2 in an 80 °C hot surfactant so- lution with Arkopal N100° surfactant. The seam strength factor for dual hot wedge seams (extrusion fillet seams) should then be at least 0.5 (0.4). This approach seems to be rather "long-winded". Obvi- ously, one can directly specify a minimum value for the time -to - failure of the weld seam instead of defining the minimum time -to - failure for the basic material and requiring a minimum value for the seam strength factor. Under the test conditions mentioned that would simply be 250 or 200 hours respectively. 2. The two branches in the tensile stress versus time -to -failure curve, which describe the range of brittle failure of a weld seam and the base material, do not usually run parallel, but diverge. Therefore the long- term seam strength factor depends not only on specimen preparation but also on the selected test tensile stress. With decreasing test stress the seam strength factor would become lower and lower. 3. In the long-term tensile test on tensile test bars with dual hot wedge seams and extrusion fillet seams the plane of the seam is not perpen- dicular to the tensile direction, as in butt welded pipe seams, but par- allel, The force flow in the loaded specimen is directed over the weld seam from one geomembrane into the other in an offset direction, therefore force flow lines get more dense in the boundary region of the weld seam and a stress concentration develops. In the boundary region there are also notch effects induced by the transition from the welded material area to the base material. A crack that develops there 10.2 Testing Seams 401 grows perpendicularly to the force flow lines toward the strongest downward gradient in the line density and therefore leads into the base material. Indeed: the observed stress cracks actually start in the boundary region of the weld seam and then run perpendicular to the seam plane through the base material. The stress crack in dual hot wedge seams therefore practically never runs within the seam (Gehde 1992; Viertel 1997). Therefore the time -to -failure is essentially a, function of the specific geometry of the weld seams in the geomem- branes. For these three reasons it is not possible to consider the time -to -failure in the long-term tensile creep shear test as a criterion for the quality of the weld seam and the welding method in geomembranes at all. However, from the results of long-term tensile test on dual hot wedge and extrusion fillet seams in geomembranes one clearly sees that these types of seam in particular should not be put under long-term tensile stress in the fields: the time -to -failure is always substantially smaller than in the non -welded geomembrane itself when put under permanent tensile stress. Therefore the requirement for the HDPE geomembranes be installed in such a way that no long-term effective tensile stresses develop, applies above all to the weld areas. The DVS 2225-4 guideline describes appropri- ate precautionary measures to avoid permanent tensile stress in installed geomembranes (see Chap. 9). For example, on slopes, the seams must run parallel to the line of maximum slope to a large extent. Patching geomem- brane panels using transverse joints on slopes is not permitted. The con- necting seam between geomembranes on the slope and the base should be located in the base at a distance of at least 1.5 in from the slope toe, and so on. The test condition for seams in the long -tern relaxation test is closer to actual mechanical effects occurring under field condition of an installed geomembrane. The relaxation test was described in Sect. 3.2.10. This test can also be performed as a long-term test. The test apparatus is modified in such a way that the specimen can be kept in a test liquid at an elevated test temperature while a specified constant strain is applied and the consecutive stress relaxation is measured. There are still no standards or guidelines available, which describe the long-term relaxation test on seams. The specimens are prepared as for the long-term tensile creep test and the test s This frequently used formulation is somewhat lax. It is meant that the geomem- branes may not be intended to be used to transfer and absorb permanent loads in a structure. Naturally, tensile stresses that are strictly zero can not be required. A tensile stress below 2 N/mm' is considered harmless even for seams (Heitz and Henkhaus 1992). See also Sect. 3.2.10. 402 10 Welding ofHDPE Geomembranes procedure is analogous to the one in the long-term tensile creep test: in- stead of the rapid application of a constant tensile stress, a strain is swiftly applied and held constant. Not only is the relaxation curve of interest, but also the time -to -failure and the failure modes. The fracture modes resem- ble those seen in the long-term tensile test. The times -to -failure measured on seams in this test are very long even for a strain close to the yield strength (> 1000 h). Therefore measuring critical limiting strain of seams using this test would be very time-consuming. So far only a few test results have been published (Knipschild 1992). E. Heitz and R. Henkhaus carried out slow tensile tests on dual hot wedge seams, also called constant strain rate tests by the authors (Heitz and Henkhaus 1992). In this test the tensile test specimen is subjected to a slow constant strain rate (0.2 % a day up to 2.5 % an hour) instead of a constant load in the tensile creep test or a constant strain in the relaxation test. From the measurement of times -to -failure at different strain rates and test temperatures, an attempt was made to determine a critical limiting strain for the seams (defined here as the permissible strain for a theoretical service life of 100 years at 20 'Q using the time -temperature superposition law (see Sect. 4.2). Extrapolation uncertainties are naturally very large. A conservative estimation was tried and limiting strains of 1.7 to 2.7 % were determined for HDPE resins. The tests were performed in a 2 % surfactant solution. The critical limiting strain in this medium is substantially smaller than in water or air (see Sect. 5.3.4). On the other hand the load was only umaxial. For a planar state of stress the limiting strain should be lower compared to the limiting strain in the state of uniaxial applied force. All in all, the limiting strain of 3 % used for ADPE geomembranes (Sect. 5.3.4) seems to be comparable to the permissible limiting strain for properly manufactured seams as well. In addition to these mostly "customary" laboratory and construction site tests, further tests have been and will be conceived on geomembrane seams - usually derived from test procedures on the geomembrane itself. However, all these tests only provide necessary, but insufficient conditions for a "perfect" seam. The burst test described in Sect. 3.2.9, used to test the multiaxial deformation behaviour, can be performed on a geomembrane disk with a centrically placed seam. For this purpose, sufficiently thick elastomer rings must be used in order to provide a watertight clamping. With properly manufactured seams the arch -height versus pressure dia- gram measured in the burst test does not show any difference to the dia- gram of the geomembrane without a seam (Hutten 1991). The seam does not therefore impair the multiaxial deformation behaviour. From a me- thodical point of view, long-term relaxation tests on seams, in which a constant planar strain is applied using a test device analogous to the burst 10.2 Testing Seams 403 test apparatus would probably be the most informative test for the long- term behaviour of seams. These tests are, however, expansive, difficult to design and very lengthy. So far, to the author's knowledge, such tests have not been tackled. Burst tests were performed on T-junction dual hot wedge seams and also destructive pressure tests with water in the test channel on dual hot wedge seams, analogous to the pressurised air test. Marked differences can be observed in the deformation behaviour of T-junctions. The arch elonga- tion of a good seam T-junction is above 6 %, but it does not in principle reach the values of the geomembrane (at least 15 %) because of the rein- forcing effect of the T junction of dual seams and the change in thickness at the seam edge (Muller and Preusclmlann 1992). Instead of using pres- surised air, the test channel can be pressurised with water, in similar fash- ion to the hydrostatic burst test with water. The pressure is increased in steps of 2 bars, and the pressure is maintained at each step for 2 minutes. The increase in pressure is carried on until the seam breaks. Properly manufactured seams reach pressures of 20— 40 bar (Muller and Preusch- mann 1992). The different failure modes are noteworthy. There are seams where the test channel bulges, elongates and exhibits a ductile failure simi- lar to the ductile failure of a pipe in the pipe pressure test. Other seams peel off in localised limited areas. There are, however, seams where the material shows sudden and sharp -edged brittle fracture in the boundary re- gion of the test channel over a distance of a few centimetres. How these markedly different failure modes depend on material, seam characteristics and welding parameters, has so far not been examined. Infrared thermography of seams is as yet a somewhat little used test method, which is only occasionally applied. The seam is photographed immediately after welding using an infrared camera. Cavities and zones of poor adhesion in the seam can be seen to some extent as anomalies in the infrared picture (Peggs 1995). To finish this section a few remarks about the amount of destructive testing as part of construction quality control measures will be added. The tradition has long prevailed in the construction quality control of third party inspectors to use extensive destructive testing to document installa- tion integrity. Coupons are regularly cut out of the dual hot wedge semis with high frequency. The holes are than repaired by patches, which are ex- trusion fillet welded. As mentioned above the extrusion fillet seam is a much less reliable welding method than a hot wedge machine welding. Therefore, extensive destructive testing and repair work will reduce the overall reliability and performance of the geomembrane liner system. Quality control measures can check the quality of the geomembrane instal- lation, i.e. the extent to which the specifications are met. However, subse- 404 10 Welding of HDPE Geomembranes quently quality control measures and associated repair work can only "heal" to a very limit extent an already inferior quality of a finished instal- lation work. Against this background the approach to achieve a high qual- ity output from the very beginning was emphasized in this book to com- mission only certified installers, to use smart welding, to use non- destructive test methods, like ultrasonic testing, to use geomembranes with taped edges, to choose welding parameters not by trial and error but by systematic application of a process model. A comparable approach was re- cently suggested by a white paper of the International Association of Ge- omembrane Installers (IAGI), which summarised the results of a panel dis- cussion at the Geosynthetics 2003 conference in Atlanta. It is recommen- ded that the installer, who has shown that he installs with low failure rates and who uses the various technical improvements in geomembrane instal- lation, should be "rewarded" by systematically reducing the frequency of destructive sampling. 10.3 Process Model for Quality Assessment of Dual Hot Wedge Seams When is a weld seam good? The guidelines, like those of DVS or GRI GM 19, specify criteria based on the experience of specialists over many years and various aspects: seam geometry and appearance must be correct, fail- ure behaviour in the peel and tensile shear tests must correspond to the qualitative description in the guidelines, the seams must be tight in com- pressed air or vacuum tests, the thickness reduction and the factor of seam thickness must be within given tolerances (see Eqs. 10.3 and 10.4). How are welding parameters selected so that a good seam develops? The guide- lines consolidate practical experience into a range of parameters. The exact parameter set of choice is then defined on the construction site by perform- ing and testing a test seam. What is the long-term behaviour of a good seam? Long-term behaviour of weld seams has so far been primarily inves- tigated under tensile shear stress. Service lifetimes achieved here are al- ways substantially smaller than those of the geomembrane due to seam ge- ometry, which produces a stress concentration in the area of the seam. edge. The service lifetime achieved is then primarily determined by the stress crack resistance of the material and the quality of the seam itself is of rather secondary importance. From these investigations it follows that, regardless of their quality, seams must not be subjected to continuous ten- sile stress (see Footnote 5). However, a quality criterion for the welding Tremco Incorporated Sealant / Weatherproofing Division Website: www.tremcosealants.com TREMCO PARASEAL SYSTEM - PRE -JOB PUNCH LIST BLINDSIDE CONDITION- FRONT LAGGING SUBSTRATE PREPARATION, INSTALLATION AND INTERFACING TRADES ISSUES AND MANUFACTER REQUIREMENTS Substrate Preparation (Wood Lagging and/or Shotcrete Retaining Walls): Tremco recommends that lagging boards be installed to the bottom of grade, flush with one another, with no voids or protrusions, and secured in place with earth or slurry and/or two 20-penny nails on both sides with the nail heads pounded flush to the face of the metal beams in order to prevent lagging board movement. (When manually pushed or kicked, the lagging boards shall not move). All splintered lagging boards shall be trimmed down to solid wood and/or replaced. All voids or gaps between the lagging boards over V in width and/or over ''/2" in height or depth shall be filled with grout, wood, sheet metal or other acceptable below grade rated substrate material. This includes, but is not limited to, gaps between the wood lagging boards, offset boards and inside corners where wood lagging is placed behind the flange of the metal beam. If Tremdrain 1000 and/or a Tremco Protection Course is not utilized then all nails in the lagging shall be removed prior to the membrane application. If Tremdrain 1000 and/or a Tremco Protection Course is applied then all nail heads shall be struck or pounded flush to the face of the metal beams prior to the application of the Tremdrain 1000 and/or Tremco Protection Course. Tremco recommends that if the top areas of the metal beams are to be burned off and/or cut down after the walls are placed that the majority of the metal beam (from. the interior out) should be "pre-cut' prior to the installation of the membrane system. Pre-cutting the metal beams will prevent any inadvertent burning or cutting of the membrane and/or other damage at a later date. If pre-cutting the metal beams is not possible, 114"' to 1/2" thick cement board may be placed over the area where the metal beam will be cut and/or burned off later prior to the Paraseal LG membrane installation. When placing the Paraseal LG System over a shotcrete retaining wall, the shotcrete shall be trowel finished with no voids and/or protrusions that are more than ''/2" in height or depth. I of 7 Concrete / Shotcrete Issues: • The Tremco Paraseal LG membrane is dependent upon the Shotcrete structural foundation wall being properly designed and installed. Tremco requires that all Shotcrete be placed in a manner that will result in full and complete compaction of the Paraseal LG membrane between the Shotcrete and the wood lagging or other acceptable substrate surfaces. All Shotcrete shall be applied per ACI 506.2-95 guidelines and per Tremco specifications and details. All Vertical Shotcrete applications shall be placed by a certified nozzleman, in the same direction of the Paraseal LG Membrane closed seam overlaps (shingling), and in lifts of no more than 4 feet in height and/or per the ACI 506.2-95 standards for Shotcrete placement. • Wire screed pins shall be attached to the Nelson studs on the metal beams when possible. All wire screed pins penetrating the Paraseal LG membrane will need to be detailed per Tremco details. Wire screed pins shall not be allowed to penetrate the Paraseal LG/GM Waterproofing/Gas Membrane system when installed in a submerged waterproofing and/or gas membrane containment condition. • Tremco Superstop Waterstop shall be applied in all cold joints, per Tremco specifications and details. For the purpose of this document, a cold joint shall be defined as the area between cured Concrete pours, and/or the area between any Shotcrete lifts which are allowed to cure for more than six hours between lifts. It is recommended that a 1'/"-2"keyway be formed and/or stamped into the Concrete/Shotcrete surface for installation of the Superstop Waterstop. Tremco recommends for the substrate area where Superstop Waterstop is installed to be similar to a light broom finish and be clean and dry. Tieback, Raker and Block -Out Issues: • Tieback and/or Raker block -outs shall be formed using wood forms and/or Sonotube only. (Tremco recommends for the inside opening to be 24" x 24"). These block - outs shall be installed flush with the waterproofing membrane, so that no Concrete/Shotcrete infiltrates or fills the blockout area. If utilizing the wood form method, the top of the block -out shall be slightly sloped per Tremco detail BSW-13. When using either block -out method with Shotcrete, the blockout opening shall be covered with plastic sheeting prior to shooting the Shotcrete in order to protect the Paraseal LG membrane inside the blockout area from damage. Metal stayform and/or foam shall NOT be used in the construction of the blockouts. • If the tieback head brackets are to be cut and de -tensioned then the Paraseal LG membrane must be protected with a wet fire blanket if using a cutting torch. 2of7 Rebar, Plumbing/Electrical, and Other Trades Issues: • Prior to the commencement of work by concrete subs, rebar installers, plumbers, electricians, welders, and/or any other trade which may puncture, cut, scrape, or otherwise come into contact with the Paraseal LG waterproofing system; the said subcontractor/tradesperson shall be briefed on the necessity of maintaining the integrity of the Paraseal LG membrane. Any required penetrations into or through the Paraseal LG membrane (i.e. screed pins, wire nails, pipes and/or conduits, sleeves, etc.) shall be coordinated with the waterproofing subcontractor and the General Contractor to ensure all penetrations are properly repaired and detailed. All inadvertent penetration(s), puncture(s), cut(s), scrape(s) (where bentonite is removed), and/or burning of the membrane shall be promptly marked and identified to the waterproofing subcontractor so that the Paraseal LG membrane may be repaired and/or re -detailed prior to the placement of Concrete and/or Shotcrete. • When placing rebar, Tremco prefers the use of plastic rebar sand chairs for support against the installed membrane. If metal chairs are used, they shall have rubber - encased legs. If concrete Dobies are used they shall be applied flush against the Paraseal LG membrane without voids or gaps. • When placing/installing pipes, conduits, sleeves, etc. which will penetrate the membrane, there shall be a space between the individual penetrations of no less that 6". This annular space is necessary for the waterproofing contractor to complete the proper detailing of the penetration with a Paraseal LG target sheet or boot per Tremco detail requirements. Tremco recommends the services of a third party consultant and/or inspection service as it is Tremco's intent to occasionally spot check and field review the installation of the Paraseal LG Waterproofing and Gas Membrane System. Tremco will make recommendations as necessary to guide the Paraseal LG waterproofing and gas membrane application per Tremco details, data sheets, specifications and application instructions. Tremco will not issue a warranty for any non -successful and/or damaged application of the Paraseal LG membrane system if others decide to not follow the original recommendations of Tremco. In the event that damage occurs to the Paraseal LG membrane by the waterproofing subcontractor and/or other miscellaneous construction trades, and/or if the application was improperly designed and/or modified by others, and/or where the Paraseal LG membrane is not repaired and/or the application is not corrected, then Tremco will issue a letter to the waterproofing subcontractor stating that a warranty may not be able to be issued for the application unless the original Tremco recommendations are met. In the event the Paraseal LG application results in the wood lagging moving which results in the non -compaction of the Paraseal LG membrane, and/or if Shotcrete application issues; ie: un-bonded areas, rebound pockets, sagging, shadowing, voids, gaps and/or non -compacted areas result and/or cause an unacceptable non -compacted 3 of substrate for the Tremco Paraseal LG membrane system, then Tremco will attempt to make recommendations if repair and/or corrective recommendations are possible in order to allow the waterproofing subcontractor to correct and/or make repairs to the application in order to maintain a warrantable Paraseal LG membrane application per the original Tremco waterproofing recommendations. In the event the original Tremco recommendations were not followed and/or were changed by others, which resulted in the Paraseal LG being damaged and/or needing repairs then it may also be impossible for Tremco to make any recommendations to the waterproofing subcontractor in order to properly maintain a warrantable application. Prevent waterproofing products from hydrating before material is contained with concrete, shotcrete or backfill. When threat of rain is imminent, installed Bentonite products not already contained should be covered with temporary polyethylene sheeting to decrease the chance of hydration. After any precipitation, remove any standing water off the Bentonite waterproofing as soon as possible and repair any damaged Bentonite. Please contact a Tremco Representative immediately at any time, and especially in the event any portion of the waterproofing application is not completely clear as to its procedure/application in order to maintain the warrantable application of the Paraseal LG waterproofing system. KtGLIVtU A GUVY UI' 4of7 DATE 5 of 7 6 of 7 TO A - Mn c 7n vvnRm RF 110,FT) TN THE TIEBACK OPENINGS 7of7 Building a mixedmse developmerat in the six, seven stories Beata of Etuina - gehe5aliy considered were building a : '=iniarrd" by Southern California's coastal it underground. residents - wouldn't ordinarily seem like an undertaking for which yorrd need a wet suit. .i But nature does have ts.little surprises. „ 7ho ongoing Enano'iegad xdevelgpment -a $4g million rolk bf,"kilond2l units, "> retail and subterraneanyparlang has're- Ai foundation was ntoce expensive than a standard foundation, we were able to avoid the costs of permanent de -watering the city of L.A. would have charged us ,for discharging into .the. sewer system, The PWP's court -appointed water master would havechargedus for depleting tite water supply;,' Despite foe tmexpectad water adven- true. Jones says Encino :Legado is on -schedule for a Tebruary at+u completion date (excavation work started in June ,2009), and -within bucipet, Passberg can- trscting Corp. of Eitaino is the general Plans for call for 12$a of space a a7,000 sq f )erg a two4evel,. paridng gar range in 'sus �tdlq to1,35osq'h says his con 1,4ffi: two po :down vestal artinent units in i28,000 sq the top three stories; about of groundtfloet xetad; and n8goo-sq.ft subterranean ge. The apartment units from 650 sq ft for surlier ar two bedroom units, Joiner fie declined to identify the prospects by name. Encino L,egado is located wtthiin the Ventura Celzrdor, a t7-mi stretch in.'wliich development is tightly regulated by the Ventura�Cabuerga Boulevard 9pecifia Plan. Dealing with the jilan's restrictions onconstruction along the:corridor has re quired considerable scheduling gymnas- tics by Fassberg. .. a lot, of engineering ingenuity on m _ g y we mane a aectsion-co uwiu tci,uuv t t. oftts bti lders. lineup the chat- Legadol in three sections because of the flow to<deal vlth all that unapt c .--WSW challenging mature of the Ventura Coe. vate>i: _ _ :rider," says F.ass'bemg..President Russ Kai unique"tapography of the site -re- vanaugh. "We can only do certaulrth ngs an extraordinary ampunt.of earth- "There were .really two reasons for in the corridor an spedfic days andtimes, rt says Derek Jones;_ chief tp6nifing adopting this process," Jones-�aYs. "We so we had to brealc itup - an east section, of the Legado Cas„ the *cq*t's wanted to be environmentally sensitive a west section and a center. section -! for p Hills -based developer. "Thew are and avoid having to waste ater iii the access and continuity, rSaFh section is in the project where the `hole' is aquifers. Also, while flue cost of the mat about Go days behind the one before it, s? ;i.€t€c;pia a°t3tzstruetfatr char 2= Weal to gG me,aslVeoNsvafe ap a6lnm by Rv;ltotngdrt tfnu tlatian ay sr ?a i cnao avafls ek pu42R hwkwr bran In standard fwndations,sand- �cHnp a anus wzTdrpFotaf`mrmtfirnne ith the east section in the lead the west ter of theneighboxhood, the Albert Group biillbtsud natut'e offhe comdor, You have two section behind: that, and the center about Architects looked amawtdand kged in on experiences .there -dieview5ornthe pede Ero'o days beJiind that." a ratboa unusual but decidedly L.A. piece 'trians and the view frn n thexnata s s." According,to riekHet,projectarthi• ofcorridor axh1taCYUye#oeaailar.the bill- When asked how the project managed tect wills the Albert Group,: Encino Legado board. to,stay within budget in dre'.midst of the was designadnvith an ape, toward the spe- "I think the dWs sign-ordiriances Spe- Gteat Recession, the Legado GM' Jones . cific plants emphaois-on "ledestnturori. cifically4rected at -billboards are geduig had amadyanswer the Great Recession. ented streets." - them under xontrol but 1 don't thinkfou "We're a function of the downturn," lie "The plan has an intent and focus are a can delay tlith• Mboaitls axe a part of"the says. "We were able to secure attractive'fi- waAable, urban street," Heeb sgs.'"Lhe hatory of'& area and deeply embedded nancingduringihelattetpart of2oAjust focus is to entswrage,&e; type ofamhitec:': idttotlte louitkeatsirorrrrj al there:" as the economy w"as melting dowtz, Tim- tare - street -side storeftrents"and regular Hut apart from plast'eunalg the develop- ingis everything man industry that lives - r 4ofarcm nt or the eteet sglxsp and i ment with wallsized advcu'tisements. how, and dies by labor, and materials costs. and EO 0 A, I N r r s ��� ,�°0 • . its � 4.� �: r ?' "" wwwwawuµiKnvnas� ay.aaxw,n-.°� d Tremco Incorporated 3735 Green Road ^ Beachwood, Ohio 44122 • 216-292-5000 Sealant/Weatherproofing Tremco • MamecoNULKEMO- Paramount Technical Services PARASEAL GM WATERPROOFING & GAS MEMBRANE QUALITYASSURANCE & INSTALLATIONINSTRUCTIONS nFM"anwr TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS GENERAL NOTES BELOW SLAB -ON -GRADE BACIUILLED WALLS BACKFILLING BLINDSIDE WALLS WOOD LAGGING WITH STEEL PILES INSPECTION CRITERIA FOR PARASEAL GM MEMBRANE ADDENDUM: SPECIAL DETAIL DRAWINGS- HEAT. WELDED GAS MEMBRANE INTRODUCTION: The Quality Assurance and Installation Instructions are guidelines to ensure the Paraseal GM waterproofing and gas membrane installation will meet minimum standards of acceptability. QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS: The Membrane Installing Contractor shall be a Certified Approved Applicator by the Membrane Manufacturer. The Membrane Installing Contractor must use Certified Welders. Only approved Welding Procedures shall be used and applicator shall employ approved welding devices using the recommended current ranges. The Membrane Installing Contractor shall be responsible for periodic visual monitoring of the installed membrane against damage by the Trades and shall inform the General Contractor and Architect of any repairs which are required before membrane covering. Membrane Installing Contractor shall comply with reasonable quality assurance requests from owner directed outside QA Consultant. All QA testing shall be non-destructive to installed (in -place) membrane. The Membrane Installing Contractor will provide membrane samples from uninstalled material and will produce trial welded samples on a daily basis if requested by owner directed independent QA consultant. INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS: GENERAL NOTES: Examine all surfaces prior to starting application. Dust may be present however, all debris must be removed. Standing water and sharp projections over 1/4" (6.4 rum) must be removed. Installation may proceed on uncured, damp or frozen surfaces. Paraseal GM is compatible with all currently used release agents. For installations under slab, prepare grade with layer of compacted sand and cover with 6 mil ( .15 rum) or heavier polyethylene film followed by the Paraseal GM. Paraseal GM can also be placed directly on compacted original earth, compacted granular base or by installing a mud slab per Engineers design. Install pre -formed or site constructed boots around all penetrations. Paraseal GM is provided having a removable lap protector tape installed beneath the bentonite layer along the perimeter edges. This lap protector tape must be removed at the jobsite to clean the edges of the bentonite in preparation for heat wedge welding or extension welding. All overlapped seams are heat welded / extruded to fuse and join the sheets together. Batten strips with holes at 6" O.C. are field applied with Vulkem 116 sealant installed on top of the batten strip. When reglets or boots or the like are to be 3 welded to the high density polyethylene (HDPE) with the bentonite in place, or where seams occur with the bentonite in place on the FIDPE, the bentonite must be scraped off the FIDPE side with a putty knife or flat trowel. The residue left on the FIDPE is then cleaned with a clean rag and xylene solvent. A double wipe is recommended to insure the FIDPE is clean for heat welding. When the bentonite is removed or heat welded at edges, Parastick "n" Dry bentonite tape must be placed over or under the welded area to replace the bentonite at those areas. Refer to manufacturer's details under Sections A, B, & C along with job site details. Special details are involved with heat welded projects. All seams are to be heat welded and tested before the bentonite strips are placed over the FIDPE. No FIDPE welding shall be done in rain or when the material or subgrade is wet. All projections require the bentonite around the base followed by the heat welded boot. Edges of boots must be tightly fastened using band clamp and Vulkem 116 sealant bead. BELOW SLAB -ON -GRADE Paraseal GM can be installed in conjunction with any of the four most typical slab on grade systems with equal perfonnance. (See Figures 2 thru 5). The slab on grade system selected and its corresponding Paraseal GM installation is based on such factors as; water head, grade condition, climate, traffic by other trades, etc. 1. All Paraseal GM installations below floor slab shall be lapped 5" minimum at seams. 2. All seams shall be lightly abraded with a grinding wheel or the like and thoroughly cleaned before the heat welding / extrusion welding is done. 3. After inspection, Parastick "n" Dry bentonite shall be placed over or under the welded seam. 4. All pipe penetrations shall receive a boot with proper clamp and Vulkem 116 sealant on top for termination. 5. Prepare tie-in to existing floor and below floor waterproofing. 6. Repair all damaged Paraseal GM prior to concrete placement, after steel reinforcement is tied in place. 7. Protection board or drainage board is placed onto Paraseal GM after all inspections and repairs are completed, if specified. 8. Covering material over Paraseal GM must weigh at least 28 psf (137 kglnY). 9. Concrete placement should not be dropped over 2' (61cm) directly on Paraseal GM. Best to flow in place. 10. Install either Superstop or Parastop H at all construction joints when specified. BACKFILLED WALLS: BACICFILLING: BLINDSIDE WALLS 1. In the case of masonry walls strilce flush all joints scheduled to receive Paraseal GM. 2. Remove all sharp protrusions as well as all dirk, mud, debris, ice, or any other materials which would interfere with the Paraseal GM's performance. Cover any exposed reinforcing steel. 3. Trowel Vulkem 201T, Paramastic or mortar into all holes, honeycombs, voids and irregularities which exceed 3/8" in depth. 4. Paraseal GM may be installed over uncured, damp or frozen surfaces. 5. Prepare all penetrations. 6. Sweep footing ledge clean. 7. Install a continuous 2" cant of Paragranular, Paramastic or Vulkem 201T where the wall meets footing. 8. Install a continuous 1" vertical cant of Vulkem 201T or Paramastic at all vertical comers prior to installing Paraseal GM. 9. Paraseal GM is installed against backfilled walls with the granular bentonite against the substrate and the HDPE side facing the installer. 10. Paraseal GM may be installed with seams running either vertically, horizontally or a combination with equal performance. 11. Paraseal GM seams are to be heat welded after removal of the bentonite flap or scraping of the bentonite back along the edge for extrusion welds. Drainage board, if used, must not be placed until the seams have been inspected. 12. Terminate Paraseal GM with a continuous strip of Paraterm bar (Batten strip ) nailed every 6" O.C. Vulkem 116 sealant is placed on top of the termination batten strip bar. Para JT Tape is placed behind the Paraseal GM at grade just below the batten strip. The HDPE must be cleaned for receipt of the Para JT Tape at this location. Note: Make certain that waterproofing / methane membrane extends up to or above finish grade. Paraseal GM seldom requires additional protection unless the backfill contains substantial amounts of either lava rock, basalt, or any other coarse or highly abrasive materials. If drainage board is used, it must be fastened at grade with no nails through the waterproofing / gas membrane. Adhesives may be used the hold the drainage board in place until the back filling operation. Even though the HDPE side of Paraseal GM protects it from weather and subseqent trades, it is still advisable to place and compact backfill as soon as possible after installation. Compact backfill to at least 85% Modified Proctor Density. Install the Paraseal GM with the bentonite side facing the installer. Paraseal GM may be installed with the long seams running either vertically or horizontally with equal performance. All seams are lapped with a minimum of 3" for poured -in -place walls and 4' for shotcrete walls. Seams must be heat welded followed by inspection followed by Parastick "n" Dry bentonite adhered to the exposed HDPE. When there is below floor and/or below footing waterproofing,the tie-in detail between the wall and floor waterproofing varies depending on the floor waterproofing system. ( see details on -site or consult with Manufacturer or Gas Membrane Consultant. Waterproof all protrusions such as tiebacks, form ties, stud anchors, mike brackets, nelson studs, whalers, steel piles, discharge pipes and all penetrations, etc. (See jobsite details). WOOD LAGGING WITH STEEL PILES Be sure all lagging board nails are pounded in flush. Check for missing or damaged lagging boards and repair using grout or treated wood or both. Fill or cover any gaps between lagging boards exceeding one inch (I") using concrete grout or plywood. Tremco drainage board is recommended before placement of the Paraseal GM membrane on lagging walls. Protect membrane from moisture. Cover with polyethylene or tarp. The bentonite cannot get wet and activate before the compaction is placed on or against the membrane. INSPECTION CRITERIA FOR PARASEAL GM MEMBRANE The HDPE field material shall be 100% visually inspected by the installing contractor for holes, rips, cuts, heat burns, welding slag burns and other defects. Upon completion of the liner installation, all seams shall be tested with a vacuum box, air channel pressure test, high voltage spark test or other engineer approved method appropriate to the seam construction. Extrusion welded seams to be tested by high voltage tester must have the required metallic conductor installed within the seam before heat welding the seam. All seams fabricated for high voltage testing should be tested. Extrusion welded seams may also be tested using a vacuum box test. At least 15% of all seams should be tested. If a sufficient number of flaws are found and the welds are not favorable, Building and Safety may increase the required frequency of testing. After an agreed number of tests are recorded favorably, Building and Safety may reduce the testing back to the original 15% of all seams. Wedge welded seams shall be pressurized at 30 psi for a minimum of 15 seconds for pressure leakage. Test accessible seam of wedge weld with soap solution for leakage. All wedge welded seams should be tested. All welding shall be done by Certified Welders ADDENDUM: SPECIAL DETAIL DRAWINGS- HEAT WELDED GAS MEMBRANE Figure 1: Paraseal GIVI membrane lap welds Figure 2: Paraseal GM terminations at grade Figure 3: Paraseal GM membrane batten detail Figure 4: Paraseal GM at slab elevation change Figure 5: Paraseal GM installed with pipe or conduit boot Figure 6: Paraseal GM with conduit cluster Figure 7: Paraseal GM and discharge pipe Figure 8: Paraseal GM terminations at structural footing Figure 9: Paraseal GM termination at grade beam PARASEAL GM Product Information Sheet NOT TO SCALE :171 LAP -IN! s GRIND PRIOR TO WELDING TACK WELD EXTRUDATE OPTION 1 - EXTRUSION WELD AIR SPACE 4" to 6" LAP FOR TESTINj I 3/8" 1 1 3/8" UNBONDED FLAP WELD OPTION 2 - WEDGE WELD Figure 1: Paraseal GM membrane lap weld. NOT TO SCALE d ° T.O.S. F:G. Q d ° ' d. PARASEAL GM BATTE -I ° CONDITION 1 TREMdrain , Q SUPERSTOP WATERSTOP ° d . T.O.S. F.G. I —III— a a° aA. ° PARASEAL GM BATTEN III d , d _i.. , III I I CONDITION 2 TREMdrain Figure 2: Paraseal GM terminations at grade. ALUMINUM BATTEN STRIP (TERMINATION BAR) AT GRADE LINE .22 CALIBER PERCUSSION - NAIL @ 6" O.C. (VISUAL INSPECTION, NO BUCKLING) G LNE I—� PARASEAL GM @ 60 mil. Figure 3: Membrane Batten Detail NOT TO SCALE RECOMMEND WALL ABOVE GRADE RECEIVE WATERPROOFING FOR EXPOSED SURFACES VULKEM 116 SEALANT TRIM EXCESS MEMBRANE AFTER BATTENING PARA JT TAPE CONCRETE OR MASONRY Figure 4: Paraseal GM at slab elevation change BOOT MUST FIT SNUGLY AROUND COLUMN OR CONDUIT WITHOUT FOLDING. PARA JT TAPE MUST BE USED TO COMPLETELY SEAL BETWEEN BOOT AND PIPE. TIGHTEN HOSE CLAMP AS TIGHT AS POSSIBLE WITHOUT DAMAGING BOOT. ONE BAND TYPE 316 SS 1/2" WIDE X 0.030" THICK MC MASTER CARR 54221<32 OR EQUAL PIPE OR CONDUIT CANT BEADS OF VULKEM 116 AROUND PIPE PARA JT a a ° �° a � • 3" PARASTICbC'N' DRY. 6" ICOMP AQTGD �AS - 6" MIN. EXTRIIDSION WELD BOOT TO PARASEAL GM NF MEMBRANE Polyethyene base sheet (3/4" diam. or smaller - 6mil. 1 to 1 1/2" - 10mil.) PARASEAL GM NOT TO SCALE Figure 5: Paraseal GM installed with pipe or conduit boot. aaaras al' GM Waterproofing Gas Memr roe Prodtw`i Posontipri.€aran Parascat EE NI Is a ce as snot re a ntelrp f'ei ar azc2 tilts wu aP 2V ow layevorbjg4 r rasity pmiyothyf=fl] PF� with OxisandabIrqualirq'-dtaauttw' bmraazaanier. Trines al rjM w0h 20 wil HOPE 6 maaaa onarred ors ca tarrat itaokneas of as anowinuody 2104i awi4„g3.itatrat) and isin adhol to a s rat a itb Pon J`r '1°mpsa arw ar !Hatt werae'd wadi n- to ncatnaa as Mill Aur dual raiMotbrono imerior to 6an1a +wour and nkreiaaCs:.;dascs: rtasor !saes. Parasso l GM kits+ d-et last party J'T `Eaape andiofiwat wUWtir6'd session staaaurls"vs oarlow grade. 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Cw,,l or2... MAdwd C° oaststak UAWOC f o s ASTM D $197 Appetaittt 40o Application Instructions Backfilled Walls, Blindside Walls and Below Slab -On -Grade in Submerged or • 1. Purpose 1.1 The purpose of this document is to establish uniform procedures for installing Paraseal Membranes on backfilled walls, blindside walls and below slab -on -grade in submerged or gas membrane applications. 1.2 The techniques involved may require modifications to accommodate jobsite conditions. Tremco recognizes that site specific conditions, weather patterns, contractor preferences and membrane detailing may require deviation or alteration from these prescribed installation procedures. When such circumstances exist on a project, the local Tremco Sales Representative or Technical Services must be contacted for assistance and approval as required. 13 Tremco Technical Services and the local Tremco Sales Representative must approve all submerged and containment applications prior to installation. Waterproofing specifications must be submitted to Tremco either at the time of bid or upon award of contract. Design and specifications are subject to review and acceptance of compliance with ParaPlatinum Warranty Guidelines. 2. Scope 2.1 This document provides the necessary instructions for the installation of Paraseal Membranes to qualify for the ParaPlatinum TREMsystem Warranty. 3. Conditions 3.1 BACKFILLED WALLS 3.1.1 Remove all sharp protrusions as well as dirt, mud, debris, ice or any other materials which would interfere with Paraseal's performance. 3.1.2 In the case of masonry walls, strike flush all joints scheduled to receive Paraseal membranes. 3.1.3 Joint surface where Superstop is to be installed should be troweled smooth. Remove all debris and sweep the surface prior to installation. 3.1.4 Parge coating is not required unless the substrate is extremely rough and irregular. Contact Tremco for recommendations on specific projects. 3.1.5 Paraseal membranes may be installed over uncured, damp or frozen surfaces. 3.1.6 All honeycombs or voids and irregularities which exceed 3/8" (1 cm) in depth shall be repaired with TREMproof 250 GC-T, Paramastic or concrete mortar. 3.13 Contact Tremco whenever conditions of acid, alkali or salt brine exist as these conditions may adversely affect the expansion rate and volume of the bentonite component of the Paraseal sheet. Tremco requires the evaluation of actual site water specimens so as to provide the recommendations as to the suitability of Paraseal for the application. 3.2 BLINDSIDE WALLS 12.1 WOOD LAGGING WITH STEEL PILES Be sure all lagging board nails are pounded flush or removed. Check for missing or damaged lagging boards and repair using concrete grout, treated wood or both. Fill or cover any gaps between lagging boards exceeding 1 " (2.5 cm) in width using concrete grout or treated plywood. Excavation contractor shall provide wood lagging shoring extending to the lowest level of the waterproofing installation with any voids or cavities exterior of the lagging filled with compacted soil or cementitious grout. Any lagging boards protruding/recessed over 1/2' (12 mm) in height or depth shall be filled with grout, treated plywood, galvanized sheet metal or other acceptable substrate material. Any splintered boards shall be trimmed down to solid wood. This includes, but is not limited to, gaps between the wood lagging boards, offset boards, and inside corners where wood lagging is placed behind the flange of the steel "I" beam. If top of steel 1-beams are to be removed, either pre -burn the front face and halfway through the webbing or cover the front face with a cement board. At all locations where water seepage is occurring through wood lagging, install a 12 mil thick polyethylene sheet directly over the lagging prior to installation of the waterproofing system. 3.2.2 AUGERED CAISSON When the surface of the individual augered piers, which make up the caisson wall, are relatively smooth, Paraseal membranes may be installed directly against the piers. However the "crotch" between each pier must first be filled in with a concrete grout and all sharp projections must be removed from the caisson wall. When the surfaces of the augered piers are very rough and irregular, continuous 3/4" (19 mm) pressure -treated plywood must be anchored every 12" (30 cm) O.C. to the caisson wall. The void created behind the plywood shall be filled with sand or aggregate. The proper plywood thickness and anchor spacing shall be determined by a civil, structural or soils engineer at the site and depends on the height of the caisson wall, the span of the plywood between the piers and the resultant lateral pressure exerted by the sand fill. 3.2.3 STEEL SHEET PILING When the waterproofing is going to be in continuous contact with the profile of the steel piling, all sharp protrusions must be removed. When the waterproofing installation is going to span the sheet piling voids, sheets of 3/4" (19 mm) pressure -treated plywood should first be installed across the void and shot into place every 12" (30 cm) O.C. The void behind the plywood should be filled with sand and aggregate. The proper plywood thickness and anchor spacing shall be determined by a civil, structural or soils engineer at the site and depends on the height of the piling, the span of the plywood and the resultant lateral pressure exerted by the sand fill. 3.2.4 SHOTCRETE WITH CONCRETE PILES Prior to the installation of Paraseal membranes against the shotcrete wwwdremcoseaIants.corn Page 1 of 5 retaining wall, the shotcrete shall be trowel finish with no voids and/or protrusions more than 1/2" (12 mm) in height or depth. Remove all sharp protrusions and fill all voids which exceed 2" (50 mm) wide by 1 " (25 mm) deep with concrete grout. Fill smaller voids with either Paramastic, TREMproof 250 GC-T or concrete grout. 3.2.5 SLURRY WALL Prior to the installation of the Paraseal membranes against the exposed slurry wall, clean off all mud and dirt. Remove all sharp protrusions and fill all voids which exceed 2" (50 mm) wide by 1 " (25 mm) deep with concrete grout, Smaller voids shall be filled with Paramastic, TREMproof 250 GC-T or concrete grout. 3.3 BELOW SLAB -ON -GRADE 3.3.1 Paraseal GM/LG- 60 mil HDPE can be installed in conjunction with any of the four typical slab -on -grade systems with equal performance. The slab -on -grade system (simple slab, mat slab, mat slab with protection slab and mat slab with mud slab) and corresponding Paraseal membrane installation is based on such factors as hydrostatic pressure, grade conditions, climate, traffic by other trades, etc. Contact Tremco for specific recommendations. 3.3.2 When Hydrostatic Conditions exist under the slab assembly, a 2-inch (50 mm) mud slab shall be installed across the entire project site with the membrane system being installed on top of the mud slab. A second 2-inch (50 mm) mud slab shall be poured over the membrane to provide a working surface. A mat slab will be poured in appropriate sequencing. 3.3.3 The grade should be prepared by either compacting the original earth, compacting a granular base or by installing a mud slab meeting a minimum 85% proctor density per Architect's design. 3.4 Jobsite Conditions 3.4.1 Do not install Paraseal GM/LG 60-mil HOPE during rain, mist or heavy fog. If rain, mist or snow is anticipated before the membrane is compacted below -grade, cover any exposed bentonite or seams with 6-mil polyethylene sheet. 3.4.2 Do not weld on damp HOPE or during rain, mist, heavy fog, or freezing temperatures. 3.5 Installation Requirements 3.5.1 Shotcrete walls be placed in strict accordance with ACI 506.2-95 guidelines, which includes but not limited to, minimizing the lift height (traditionally 4 feet high (1.2 m)) limiting overspray and rebound above and below, if applicable, the lift area. Shotcrete Contractor shall utilize an ACI Committee C-660-certified nozzleman. 3.5.2 Paraseal 60-mil HDPE shall be installed by a Tremco approved installer. 3.5.3 All welding shall be done by a Certified Welder, certified by the manufacturer of the welding equipment used on the project. 4. Materials 4.1 Recommended materials and their use are as follows. Paraseal GM/LG — 60 mil HDPE Paraseal GM/LG — 60 mil is a sheet waterproofing and methane containment membrane consisting of 60 mils of HOPE, expandable chemically -modified granular bentonite and a protective layer of spun polypropylene. The bentonite is laminated to the HDPE at a rate of up to one pound (.45 kg) per square foot, creating a dual system with a combined thickness of 190 to 240 mils. The HOPE extends beyond the bentonite on the perimeter edges to create a clean surface for extrusion weld installation or wedge welding the seams. Superstop Superstop is a composite waterstop containing expandable granular bentonite. One side contains a pressure sensitive adhesive. Paramastic Paramastic is a mastic containing expandable bentonite that will react in the presence of water to form an impervious membrane. Paraterm Bar Paraterm Bar is an aluminum alloy termination bar specially profiled to exhibit excellent holding power. When fastened through pre-cut holes, Paraterm Bar provides tight, straight and extremely long lived terminations, as well as caulk troughs and drip edges. Para IT Tape Para IT Tape is an adhesive joint tape compound formulated with cross -linked polymeric elastomers. It is used for sealing seams and around penetrations. Permanent Seam Tape Permanent Seam Tape is a rubberized asphalt membrane laminated to a polyethylene reinforcing film. Paraprimer Paraprimer is an adhesive for preparing surfaces to receive Paraseal accessories. Paragranular Paragranular is a granular bentonite used to form coves at transitions. Parastick N Dry Parastick N Dry is a laminate of bentonite applied to mesh with a pressure sensitive adhesive on one side. TREMproof 250 GC-T TREMproof 250 GC-T is an aliphatic, rapid curing, high - solids, VOC compliant modified polyurethane waterproofing membrane. It can be applied to damp and green concrete. TREMDrain Series The TREMDrain series is a family of drainage mats with a variety of compression strengths, core sizes and fabric options available. www.tremeosealants.com Page 2 of 5 5. Detail Work 5.1 BACKFILLED WALLS 5.1.1 Install a continuous 2" (50 mm) cant of Paragranular where wall meets footing. 5.1.2 Install a continuous 1" (25 mm) vertical cant of TREMproof 250 GC-T or Paramastic at all vertical corners. 5.1.3 For single pipe penetrations, refer to Tremco Paraseal GMI LG 60 mil HDPE standard details. For multiple penetrations or link seal penetrations, contact Tremco for details. 5.1.3 Expansion joints shall be treated with closed cell backer rod and sealed with an approved Tremco sealant. Install a strip of Paraseal lapping 12" 130 cm) on either side of the joint and fasten on one side only using nails with 1 " washers every 24" (60 cm) O.C. Field sheet will be installed over detail strip. Do not fasten through detail strip. 5.2 BLINDSIDE WALLS 5.2.1 All penetrations shall be secured prior to detailing. For single pipe penetrations, refer to Tremco Paraseal GM/LG 60 mil HOPE standard details. Multiple penetrations shall be spaced a minimum of 6" (15 cm) apart to allow for proper detailing. If 6" (15 cm) space is not available, contact Tremco for a job - specific recommendation. If sealed,or cored pipes are present, contact Tremco. 5.2.2 Expansion joints shall be treated in accordance with Tremco Paraseal GM/LG 60 mil HOPE installation instructions. 5.2.3 If nails are not pounded flush in the lagging boards, install a protective layer of TREMDrain, Tremco Protection Mat or galvanized sheet metal over face of I-beam. 5.2A 5.2.5 Wire screed pins shall not be allowed to penetrate the Paraseal GM/LG 60 mil HOPE. Wire screed pins shall be attached to the Nelson Studs on the face of the soldier piles when possible. 5.2.6 Tieback block -outs shall be formed using wood forms and/or Sonotube only to ensure their edges have the required smooth surface or the installation of the Superstop/Waterstop inside opening to be 24" x 24" (60 cm x 60 cm). No metal stayform and/or foam should be used in the construction of the blockouts, as the use of these materials will render them unwarrantable. 5.23 If the tieback brackets are to be cut once de -tensioned then the Paraseal membrane must be protected with a fire blanket when using a cutting torch. 5.3 BELOW SLAB -ON -GRADE 5.3.1 All penetrations shall be secured prior to detailing. Refer to Tremco Paraseal GM/LG 60 mil HDPE standard details. 5.3.2 On submerged conditions, the de -watering PVC pipes must be solid above the membrane level to prevent water from infiltrating the slab. Additionally they must be blocked out with foam at the top of the mat slab so that they may be filled and capped (with hot glue) per Tremco's de -watering detail. 5.4 Following good concrete industry practices, a waterstop must be used at all Construction Cold Joints. Install Superstop 2" (50 mm) from outer face of wall. It is recommended to apply Paraprimer to clean surface prior to adhering Superstop on vertical surfaces. Primer is not required for horizontal surfaces. Remove release paper to expose adhesive. Butt ends together and nail with 1" (25 mm) washer every 12' (30 cm) O.C. 6. Membrane Application 6.1 BACKFILLED WALLS 6.1.1 Install a continuous vertical 2" (50 mm) cant of Paragranular where wall meets footing and at all other vertical to horizontal junctures. Install a continuous 1 " (25 mm) cant of TREMproof 250 GC-T or Paramastic at all vertical inside corners. 6.1.2 Rolls shall be deployed using spreader bar assembly attached to loader bucket or by other methods approved by the Consultant. 6.1.3 Paraseal GM/LG — 60 mil shall be installed against backfilled walls with the granular side against the substrate and the black HOPE side facing the installer. Paraseal GM/LG — 60 mil may be tacked intoplacealong the perimeter edges by nailing with 1" (25 cm) washers every 36" (90 cm) O.C. All penetrating nails must be spot welded over the nail head using HOPE extrusion weld and tested for leaks in accordance with section 6.4 of this document. 6.1.4 Paraseal GM/LG — 60 mil may be installed with seams running either vertically or horizontally or a combination with equal performance. 6.1.5 The following membrane preparation shall be carried out when using HOPE extrusion weld method to seal the overlap seams. The 60 mil HOPE shall be lightly abraded to ensure cleanliness. Then, HDPE overlap seams are hot air tacked followed by an HOPE extrusion weld. 6.1.6 All membrane edges shall be overlapped a minimum 5" (13 cm) and sealed and tested for leaks as described in 6.4. 6.1.9. Terminate Paraseal GM/LG with a continuous strip of Paraterm Bar (Batten strip) nailed every 6" (15 cm) O.C. Vulkem 116 is placed on top of the termination batten strip bar. Para IT Tape is placed behind the Paraseal GM/LG at grade just below the batten strip, The 60 mil HOPE must be cleaned for receipt of the Para JT Tape at this location. Make certain that the waterproofing/methane membrane occurs at or below the finish grade. 6.1.10 Paraseal GM/LG seldom requires additional protection unless the backfill contains substantial amounts of either lava rock, basalt, or any other coarse or highly abrasive materials. If drainage board is used, it must be fastened at grade with no nails through the waterproofing/gas membrane. Adhesives may be used to hold the drainage board in place until the backfilling operation. Even though the 60 mil HDPE side of Paraseal GM/LG protects it from weather and subsequent trades, it is still advisable to place and compact backfill as soon as possible after installation. Compact backfill to at least 85% Modified Proctor Density. 6.1,11 Connect vertical wall waterproofing system with compatible below slab waterproofing system and air barrier system above grade. Contact Tremco for connection details. 6.2 BLINDSIDE WALL 6.2.1 If a drainage mat is required, install the proper TREMDrain drainage mat. 6.2.2 Paraseal GMILG-60 mil HDPE shall be installed with the bentonite side facing the installer. Paraseal GM/LG 60-mil HDPE may be installed with the long seams running either vertically or horizontally with equal performance. 6.2.3 Remove the lap protector tape at the jobsite to clean www.tremceseaIants.com Page 3 of 5 the edges of the bentonite in preparation for HOPE extrusion weld or wedge weld. When using extrusion welding, the 60 mil HOPE shall be lightly abraded to ensure cleanliness. Next, HOPE overlap seams are hot air tacked followed by an HOPE extrusion weld. All seams shall be treated in accordance with section 6.4 of this document. 6.2A All membrane edges shall be overlapped a minimum 5" (13 cm) and sealed with a HOPE extrusion weld or wedge weld. Every seam in the System must be tested for leaks in accordance with ASTM D 5641, Geomembranes Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber or in accordance with ASTM 5820, Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed membranes or Spark Testing by the Applicator with the Consultant present, and confirmed to be free from leaks in writing by the Applicator and Consultant. Upon completed tests on the exposed black HOPE seams, install a continuous layer of 3" (75 mm) or 6" (15 cm) wide Para Stick N' Dry tape over or under the welded area to replace the bentonite to those areas. 6.2.5 When the placement of the footings or a mat slab is scheduled prior to waterproofing installation, a horizontal starter strip of Paraseal GM/LG-60 mil should be installed first. 6.2.6 When there is below floor and/or below footing waterproofing, the tie-in detail between wall and floor waterproofing varies depending on the waterproofing system. 6.2.7 Temporarily terminate Paraseal GM/LG -60 mil HOPE at the top of earth retaining system by folding it over and tacking it into place. The temporary termination is to hold in place the membrane during installation with a nail in place every 6" (15 CM) O.C. using washers at top of earth retaining system. 6.3 BELOW SLAB -ON -GRADE 6.3.1 Bentonite facing up is the preferred installation method. However, if for reasons of protection, the bentonite is facing down, a 6-mil polyethylene sheet must first be installed on top of the earth or base. 6.3.2 When installed with bentonite facing up, remove the lap protector tape at the jobsite to clean the edges of the bentonite in preparation for HOPE extrusion weld or wedge weld. Treat all seams in accordance with section 6.4 of this document. 6.3.4 All pipe penetrations shall receive a 60 mil HDPE boot with proper clamp and Vulkem Sealant on top of termination. 6.3.5 Terminate around perimeter and tie-in to wall application of system. Refer to Tremco Paraseal GM/LG 60 mil HOPE installation instructions and details. 6.4 TREATMENT OF SEAMS 6.4.1 Align all seam overlaps consistent with requirements of welding equipment being used, typically 5" to 6" (13 —15 cm). 6A.2 Remove the lap protector tape at the jobsite to clean the edges of the bentonite in preparation for HOPE extrusion weld or wedge weld. All seams are extrusion welded or wedge welded to fuse and join sheets together. Where seams occur with the bentonite in place on the HOPE, the bentonite must be scraped off the HOPE side with a putty knife or flat trowel. The residue on the HOPE must be cleaned with a clean rag and xylene solvent. A double wipe is recommended to insure the HOPE is clean for heat welding. When the bentonite is removed or heat welded at the edges, Parastick N Dry must be placed over or under the welded area to replace the bentonite to i those areas. 6.4.3 HOPE extrusion welds must be uniform, and free of bentonite. 6.4.4 Following completed, successful testing on the exposed black HOPE seams described in 7.1.2, install a continuous layer of Para Stick 'N' Dry to replace the bentonite to those areas. 7INSPECTION 7.1 INSPECTION CRITERIA 7.1.1 The 60 mil HDPE field material shall be 100% visually inspected by the installing applicator and Tremco approved independent inspection firm for holes, rips, cuts, heat burns, welding slag burns and other defects. 7.1.2 Upon completion of the HOPE liner installation, all seams and penetrations shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D5641 Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber or ASTM D 5820 Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed Geomembranes or Spark Test. 7.1.3 Every seam and penetration in the System must be tested for leaks as listed above. 7.2 REPAIR PROCEDURES T2.1 All patch or repair work must be numbered and logged. 7.2.2 Repair method shall be agreed upon between the Tremco approved independent inspection firm and manufacturer. Repair methods may include: Patching — Used to repair large holes, tears, undispersed raw materials and contamination by foreign matter Abrading/Re-welding — Used to repair short section of 60-mil seam. Spot Welding — Used to repair pinholes or other minor, localized flaws or where Paraseal GM/LG — 60 mil thickness has been reduced. Capping — Used to repair long lengths of failed seams. Flap Welding — Used to extrusion weld the flap (excess outer portion) of fusion weld in lieu of full cap. Remove and Replace 7.2.3 Paraseal GM/LG-60 mil surfaces shall be clean and dry at time of repair. 7.2.4 Surfaces of polyethylene that are to be repaired by extrusion welds shall be lightly abraded to ensure cleanliness. 7.2.5 Extend patches or caps at least 6" (15 cm) for extrusion welds and 4" (10 cm) for wedge welds beyond edge of defect and around all corners of patch material. 8. EARTH PLACEMENT 8.1 All Paraseal membranes require 24 psf (117.2 kg.m/m2) of compression. 8.2 BACKFILLING 8.2.1 Paraseal membranes seldom require additional protection unless the backfill contains substantial amounts of either lava rock, basalt or any other course or highly abrasive materials. 8.2.2 Even though the HOPE side of Paraseal protects it from weather and subsequent trades, it is advisable to place and compact as soon as possible after installation. 8.2.3 Compact backfill to at least 85% Modified Proctor Density. 8.2.4 following good industry drainage practices, a TREMDrain wwvvAremcose a [a nts.com Page 4 of 5 Series drainage mat should be installed prior to backfilling. 8.3 BLINDSIDE WALL PLACEMENT 8.3.1 Prior to wall placement, repair any Paraseal GM/LG-60 mil which has been damaged. 8.3,2 Detail all rebar support anchors. 8.3.3 If the structural wall is poured in place, the concrete should not be dropped from higher than 4 feet (1.2 m). If the structural wall is shotcrete, the spray should be blown in at an upward direction in 4' lifts so as not to lodge between the seam lap. 8.4 BELOW SLAB -ON -GRADE 8.4.1 Repair any Paraseal GM/LG-60 mil which has been damaged prior to concrete placement, after steel reinforcement is tied in place. 8.4.2 Concrete placement should not be dropped over 4' (1.2 m) directly on Paraseal GM/LG-60 mil. Best to flow in place. QUL , Tremco Commercial Sealants br Waterproofing 3735 Green Road, Beachwood, OH 44122 /1 Phone: 216.292.500011800.321.7906 220 Wicksteed Avenue, Toronto, ON M4H 1 G 7 // Phone: 416.421 33001/ 800.363.3213 �� 1451 Jacobson Avenue, Ashland OH 4480511 Phane: 419.289.2 050 800.321.63 57 6 An - - - Company wwwAremcasealants.ccro 03101PARAMEMBAI Page 5 of 5 T'rerrmco incorporated P.O. Box 6791 • Laguna Niguel, California 92607 • 949-246-0733 Sealant / Weatherproofing Division Website: www.tremeosealants.com This is to confirm the Chemical Resistance of the Tremco Incorporated Paraseal 60-Mil GM/LG Heat Welded Membrane. Wpye 6k Aoftw e u W aanmt MXU*AMqffilV Aw AMMTA& I � V I�mmmiamfW A6-, 9dgW>>Mw1dGe AmMm ium idFntMe A»Maau`a4a A n xat A AoWdft} yi 6 ^c i 20 of , cat 98N'eiF $ L •,•'^Yv^'r r�iltMhF :i 1{Nb S $ CwarM�+'aufl`dtu bAf>p4 $ $ 1A5 5 YF Greapme add I L S S 1 �napta8rnhs 'y�.0 $ sa[rtvG $ $ t r1. L 5 a lift lox S L L s s 1 Is a Ion IM S ¢om Wn 5 Y.1 "Lffi to ri L mul. S IW% S L at 5 S .aft S L ow", $ $ VA, WA ra 5 *a,wl. $ raYY ita. .. $ S 3Wri1 3 €) U OVA V V 5 5 S S {{ $ rru.. sa4. a tFarrz xw5d ,$YWCA $ S a, rat. 44, got& S IlYr3ui�nire '1�� Wyi Ak4 W 94, S 8 10 L !. 06aw mnwoid S 6 I.SkICOdY.' IWO& S S gas. aa't 5 s aat.aal,. 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S 1 ansi ant S S Tremco Incorporated Notes: (S) Satisfactory: HDPE material is resistant to the given agent at the given concentration and temperature. No mechanical or chemical degradation is observed. (L) Limited Application Possible: HDPE material may reflect some attack. Factors such as concentrations, pressure and temperature directly affect liner performance against the given media. Application, however, is possible under less severe conditions, e.g. lower concentration, secondary containment, addition liner protections, etc. (U) Unsatisfactory: HDPE material is not resistant to the given agent at the given concentration and temperature. Mechanical and/or degradation is observed. (-) Not Tested. Sat.Sol. = Saturate aqueous solution, prepared at 68 degree Fahrenheit. Sol. = Aqueous solution with concentration above 10% but below saturation level. DII.Sol. = Diluted aqueous solution with concentration below 10%. Cust.Conc. = Customary service concentration. An I 1 i CO1Tl Nry 2of2