HomeMy WebLinkAbout14 - Fire Rings in Newport Beach: Compliance with AQMD Rule 444 and Intended Compliance with the California Coastal ActCITY OF
F NEWPORT REACH
" City Council Staff Report
January 13, 2015
Agenda Item No. 14
TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: Dave Kiff, City Manager— (949) 644 -3002, dkiff @newportbeachca.gov
PREPARED BY: Dave Kiff, City Manager
PHONE: (949) 644 -3002
TITLE: Fire Rings in Newport Beach: Compliance with AQMD Rule 444 and Intended
Compliance with the California Coastal Act
ABSTRACT:
The City and its 60 beach fire rings was required to comply with the South Coast Air Quality Management
District's (AQMD's) Rule 444 (Open Burning) in March 2014. In late November 2013, the City Council put
forth a Compliance Plan. The Compliance Plan was never fully implemented, as the City's application to
the Coastal Commission was never deemed complete. In the meantime, the City complied with both Rule
444 and the Coastal Commission's strictures by adopting an ordinance limiting fire ring fuels to charcoal -
only, but keeping all 60 rings in operation at the same locations.
Council Member Scott Peotter has asked that the Council consider a new approach. This agenda item
proposes a two - tiered approach to modify the Council's previous direction.
RECOMMENDATION:
a) Authorize staff to implement an Interim Plan that would allow wood - burning upon adoption of the
Interim Plan, resulting in 15 wood- burning rings citywide separated by at least 50'. Eight (8) would be near
the Balboa Pier (to the eastern side) and seven (7) at CdM State Beach;
b) Authorize staff to ask AQMD to allow the City to define "Contiguous Beach Area" as being interrupted
by a specific distance of at least one mile or the Newport Harbor jetty entrance (for example). If AQMD
concurs, authorize staff to modify the Interim Plan to allow up to 30 wood - burning rings citywide, with 15
rings at Balboa and 15 at CdM State Beach;
c) Review and discuss a plan to amend the City's Coastal Development Permit (CDP) application for
a Permanent Plan that would have 60 wood - burning rings, with:
• 18 wood - burning rings at CdM State Beach (13 separated by 100' within the 700' of residences, and
five more outside of the 700' line);
• 26 wood - burning rings at the Balboa Pier area, with 13 on each side, all separated by 100';
• 9 wood - burning rings at the Newport Pier /North area, separated by 100';
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• 7 wood - burning rings at Newport Dunes, separated by 100'; and
d) If the Council deems the Permanent Plan ready for the CDP process, authorize staff to amend the
CDP accordingly.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS:
Please see funding comments in the Discussion section. The Permanent Plan would be less costly than
the current operations.
DISCUSSION:
Concrete fire rings are located on the beach in two areas in Newport Beach including Corona del Mar
State Beach (27 fire rings) and the eastern and western side of the Balboa Pier (33 fire rings).
While fire rings are appreciated by many beachgoers, concerns were raised in 2012 and in previous years
regarding:
• Health impacts to nearby residents, city employees assigned to the beach, and visiting beachgoes
due to smoke and particulate matter from woodburning; and
• Safety of fire ring users and other beachgoers when hot ash is not doused or disposed of properly, or
when individuals are injured after falling near or in a fire ring.
As a result of these concerns, the City Council acted in March 2012 to direct staff to remove or restrict
wood - burning fire rings. Here is a chronology of related actions since that time:
CHRONOLOGY
May 2012 - February 2013. The City and the Coastal Commission correspond regarding the City's
application for a CDP to remove the wood - fueled rings.
March 6, 2013. The Coastal Commission hears the City's CDP application, but decides not to vote on it.
At the suggestion of Commissioner Burke, other Commissioners continue the hearing and our application
until such time as AQMD has a chance to review its rule on Open Burning (Rule 444).
March - May, 2013. AQMD conducts air quality monitoring studies in the area to determine the air quality
impacts of recreational beach fires. On May 15, AQMD representatives presented a preliminary
assessment of the findings to a meeting of Orange County Mayors.
These health impact findings included
• Wood smoke's particulate matter is primarily in the <2.5 micron size range.
• Wood smoke is a source of several hazardous air pollutants (HAPs).
• One fire ring's PM2.5 emission rate is equal to three 2013 fleet average diesel trucks or the second
hand smoke from 800 cigarettes.
• Thirty fire rings' PM2.5 emission rate is equal to "an average large south coast refinery."
• Fire ring wood smoke impacts beach areas and extends into communities.
• 1 -hour average PM2.5 concentrations can exceed public health guidance levels.
July 2, 2013. The City withdraws its CDP application from the Coastal Commission's docket. The Coastal
Commission was scheduled to consider the item at its July 11, 2013 meeting and could not delay its
decision to wait until after AQMD adopted AQMD's rule amendments due to provisions of the Permit
Streamlining Act.
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July 12, 2013. Following a staff report, a presentation, and public comment, the AQMD Governing Board
narrowly approves an amendment to Rule 444 — Open Burning (for a selected section of Rule 444, see
Attachment A). Under the measure, wood - fueled beach fire rings will continue to be allowed in Los
Angeles and Orange Counties as long as:
1. A city has not made a determination based on state law that smoke from wood - fueled fire rings poses
a nuisance. In this case, all wood - fueled fire rings can be removed; or
2. Effective March 1, 2014, wood - fueled fire rings can remain if:
• They are located 700 feet or more from the nearest residence; OR, if they are less than 700' from tIe
nearest resident...;
• They are spaced at least 100 feet apart from another wood - fueled ring. However, if a city has 15 or
fewer fire pits within a "contiguous beach area ", they may be separated by at least 50 feet from other
wood - fueled rings; and
• The air quality for fine particulates (PM2.5) in coastal areas is not forecasted to exceed 100 on the
Air Quality Index (i.e., it isn't a regional "no burn" day). This is expected to occur infrequently under
special meteorological conditions.
At this same time, AQMD discussed coordinating and funding an alternative - fueled fire ring demonstration
project using natural gas or propane to fuel beach or beach - adjacent fire rings.
August 14, 2013. Assembly Members Travis Allen (R- Huntington Beach) and Sharon Quirk -Silva (D-
Fullerton) co- sponsor an amended Assembly Bill 1102. The bill said essentially that cities or counties
needed a CDP before removing or restricting the use of beach fire rings. AB 1102 was later held in the
California State Senate's Committee on Appropriations and did not proceed further in the 2013 -14
Legislative Session.
Summer -Fall 2013. AQMD issues a Request for Proposals (RFP) for the alternative -fuel fire ring
demonstration project. The City staff participates in the technical review of the proposals, but expresses
concerns about the supervision, use, and safety of the devices, as do representatives from California State
Parks.
October 17, 2013. The International Agency for Research on Cancer ([ARC), part of the World Health
Organization (WHO), classifies outdoor air pollution as carcinogenic to humans. Particulate matter, a
major component of outdoor air pollution, was evaluated separately and is now also classified as
carcinogenic to humans. Both are classified as "Group 1" carcinogens. The Group 1 category is used
when there is "sufficient evidence" of carcinogenicity in humans.
November 26, 2013. The City Council adopts a plan that attempts to comply with Rule 444, which
envisions 27 wood - burning rings separated 50' apart (with 15 rings at Balboa and 12 at CdM State Beach),
some group bonfires fueled by natural gas, and a limitation that only wood that is "natural firewood" could
be burned in the wood - fueled rings. Prior to the meeting, AQMD warned that the City defined contiguous
beach area incorrectly, and that the Plan's 50' spacing would violate Rule 444. The Council adopts it, and
City staff proceeds with a CDP application.
January 28, 2014. The City Council, awaiting the November'13 Plan's CDP review by Coastal, adopts an
interim ordinance (Ordinance #2014 -02) that allows the City to comply with Rule 444 absent Coastal's
approval of the November '13 Plan. The Ordinance, which is now NBMC Chapter 11.08.060 (Use of
Beach Fire Rings — please see Attachment 8), does the following:
• Limits the types of fuel that can be used in beach fire rings to natural firewood, low- emission logs
natural gas, or charcoal.
• Defines these fuels.
• Allows the City Manager to limit the type of fuel solely to charcoal for a period of time, if doing so is
14 -3
required to avoid regulatory penalty by a State agency. Portions of the ordinance sunset on
November 1, 2016.
Shortly after the effective date of Ordinance 2014 -02, the City Manager directed that the only fuel that
could be burned in beach fire rings was charcoal. The City's "Charcoal- Only" plan went into effect after
2014's Persian New Year, and is in effect today (Mid -March 2014 through January 13, 2015).
Charcoal -Only has its supporters and detractors. Supporters say that beach air quality seems to have
improved, and some beachgoers like using charcoal for cooking food. Detractors say that the beach fire
ring experience is diminished without large flames, that the smell of lighter fluid is pervasive, and that
enforcement is confusing, costly and challenging. The Coastal Commission staff has told City staff that
they do not believe that the Charcoal -Only plan complies with the Coastal Act, and that it required (and
requires) a CDP to continue. Generally, we don't get too much correspondence from either side (pro
wood - burning or pro charcoal -only) about this issue, especially in the colder months.
Fiscal and Supervision Issues. Prior to the start of enforcement, we estimated the annual costs of the
Charcoal -Only program at up to $195,000 per year. This included additional staff hours and new positions
for Park Patrol. At the time, it did not include a program that the City later embarked upon — that of
donating charcoal to those who didn't bring it to the beach.
Costs to date (Mid -March 2014 to Mid - January 2015) are at about $145,000 for the period. This includes
$12,200 in charcoal given away, $82,700 in salaries and benefits to staff, $44,700 in payments to two
security firms to work later hours, $5,700 in printing and banners, and a few more small items. The
highest monthly cost for supervision and charcoal was July 2014, at $25,400 for that month alone. Cost
per month averages out at about $16,000.00.
Our Recreation and Senior Services staff reports that supervision has been challenging, but not
impossible. Despite what we felt was adequate public information, many individuals and families still are
unaware of the charcoal -only rule. Some complained that the security firm's approach was imposing and
not beachgoer - friendly, and we agreed and switched firms. Our recreation staffers, while dedicated to this
effort, did not overly enjoy this job assignment. We did not issue any citations or fines, and generally
gained compliance through conversation. Generally, the charcoal -only rule was satisfactorily enforced, but
we are not out at the fire rings at all times.
Please see Attachment C for a chart showing estimated high -end costs of supervision and enforcement
with the current system and various alternatives. In that chart, we examine the costs of possible
alternatives that mix charcoal and wood rings in similar footprints, but we are not recommending these
plans — it appears that both will be very challenging (and costly) to enforce, creating significant frustration
with beachgoers confused about why one ring can have charcoal and another wood.
The Definition of a "Contiguous Beach Area"
As we prepared the November '13 Council staff report, we wondered about the term "Contiguous Beach
Area." Rule 444 does not define a contiguous beach area. A presentation made to the AQMD Board in
July 2013 suggested that "50' spacing is allowed if (there are) small number of rings on the beach."
However, the AQMD staff report for that same meeting said that "...the contiguous beach area condition
is intended to consider beaches separately, in terms of rule applicability, if a city has beaches that are
separated by another city's or unincorporated area's beaches." AQMD staff later told City staff that the
contiguous beach area term was intended to apply to large geographic cities split by other cities or
unincorporated areas, like Los Angeles. AQMD staff was very firm on this point.
As we noted in November 2013, we struggled with this term's randomness. It is about 1.25 miles (6,700')
between the easternmost fire ring at the Balboa Pier to the westernmost ring at Big Corona. The largest
interruption of the beach between these points is the Harbor Jetty, but other interruptions of this straight
line include homes, bird habitat, and more. It does not seem unreasonable to deem that a break of 1.25
miles between fire rings equates to a non - contiguous beach area.
14 -4
About This Recommendation
This recommendation would comply with Rule 444 and is expected to comply with the Coastal Act,
although that will be subject to interpretation by Coastal staff and the Commission itself.
As the staff report notes, the recommendation would:
1. Authorize staff to implement an Interim Plan (shown as Attachment D) that would allow wood -
burning upon adoption of the Interim Plan, resulting in 15 wood- burning rings citywide separated by at
least 50'. Eight would be near the Balboa Pier (to the eastern side) and seven at CdM State Beach.
2. Authorize staff to ask AQMD to allow the City to define "Contiguous Beach Area" as being
interrupted by a specific distance of at least one mile or the Newport Harbor jetty entrance (for example).
If AQMD concurs, authorize staff to modify the Interim Plan to allow up to 30 wood - burning rings citywide,
including 15 at CdM State Beach (shown as Attachment E).
3. Review and discuss a plan to amend the City's Coastal Development Permit (CDP) application for a
Permanent Plan (and shown as Attachment F) that would return 60 wood - burning rings to the community,
with:
• 18 wood- burning rings at CdM State Beach (13 separated by 100' within the 700' of residences, and
five more outside of the 700' line);
• 26 wood- burning rings at the Balboa Pier area, with 13 on each side, all separated by 100';
• 9 wood- burning rings at the Newport Pier /North area, separated by 100'; and
• 7 wood - burning rings at Newport Dunes, separated by 100'.
If the Council deems the Permanent Plan ready for the CDP process, authorize staff to amend the CDP
accordingly.
The pros and cons of this approach are as follows. To some, the positive aspects of the Permanent Plan
are:
• Newport Beach would again have 60 wood - burning rings to enjoy the beach bonfire experience.
• All are accessible at no charge or at regular beachgoer's parking charge.
• It appears to fully comply with AQMD Rule 444.
• AQMD's data shows that fire rings spread out this way have lesser health impacts from wood smoke
to residents within 700' than if the rings were spaced closer together.
• If you live near the Balboa Pier or CdM State Beach, there are fewer wood- burning rings than before
the Charcoal -Only restriction.
• The new ring locations at the Newport Pier and the Dunes are spread out appropriately and limited in
number (9 and 7 respectively).
• Supervision of this plan appears to be significantly less costly than the November 2013 and
Charcoal -Only plans, which are both expensive and challenging.
• Firewood remains among the most inexpensive fuels to burn in fire rings, allowing a variety of
income demographics to enjoy the beaches.
• The plan negates the need for participation in any alternative -fuel demonstration project, which our
staff and State Parks' staff had concerns about embarking upon.
• If someone enjoyed the charcoal cooking experience, they could continue to do so without
restriction.
To others, the possible concerns with the Permanent Plan are:
• Those who prefer an entirely woodsmoke -free environment will remain impacted, even with the
reduced and more dispersed numbers of fire rings. This includes area residents, other beachgoers
who do not use or like the rings, and some city and contract staff assigned to the beaches and to fire
ring supervision.
14 -5
Two new areas would see fire rings that hadn't seen them before, although the numbers of rings h
those locations are fairly low and appropriately spaced.
Some of the rings are moved moderately closer to homes (about 75' to 100') when compared the
current footprint. To avoid this, we could move the rings oceanward, but that can impede
construction of the beach berm at Balboa and can increase the likelihood that rings will be inundated
during high tides.
It remains uncertain as to whether the Coastal Commission will approve this plan, although the staf
there has tended to prefer a plan with more wood - burning rings versus fewer.
Note: Staff does not recommend repealing Ordinance 2014 -02 at this time, as various aspects of it will
sunset in November 2016 regardless. Nothing in either the Interim or Permanent Plan conflicts with
Ordinance 2014 -02.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW:
Staff recommends the City Council find compliance with Rule 444 is not subject to the California
Environmental Quality Act ( "CEQA") pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080(b)(1) and CEQA
Guidelines Section 15268(a) because the City's proposal to space the fire rings farther apart is mandated
by South Coast Air Quality Management District's Rule 444. The City's compliance with Rule 444 is
therefore ministerial. Further, based upon the substantial evidence contained herein, spacing wood -
burning fire rings farther apart will not cause significant impacts to the environment. In addition, aspects of
this project are exempt pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15302, Replacement or Reconstruction
(Class 2), in that aspects involve a replacement or reconstruction of existing structures, specifically the fire
rings, within what is generally the same beach footprint.
The agenda item has been noticed according to the Brown Act (72 hours in advance of the meeting at
which the City Council considers the item). I also discussed these plans with representatives of the
Newport Dunes and with individuals who had expressed an interest in this issue previously, including
residents near the Balboa Pier and CdM State Beach fire rings. More outreach is still needed. As noted,
the Permanent Plan would require additional review and public hearings by the California Coastal
Commission, possibly in March 2014 or June 2014 at a relatively local hearing location.
ATTACHMENTS:
Description
Attachment A - AQMD Rule 444
Attachment B - Newport Beach Municipal Code Section 11.08.060
Attachment C. - Worksheet with Cost Estimates
Attachment D - Interim Plan - 15 Wood Rings Citwide
Attachment E - Interim Plan if Definition Changes for Contiguous Beach Area (allows up to 30 Wood Rings Citywide)
Attachment F - Proposed Permanent Plan
14 -6
Attachment A — Selected Section of AQMD Rule 444
(d)(3) A person is prohibited from open burning for:
(G) Effective March 1, 2014, beach burning, unless:
(i) PM2.5 AQI of 100 or less has been forecast for the coastal source
receptor area; and
(ii) beach burning occurs in devices that are:
(1) at least 700 feet from the nearest residence;. or
(11) at least 100 feet apart from one another; or
(III) at least 50 feet apart from one another, if there are no more
than 15 devices per contiguous beach area within the city's
boundaries.
(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (d)(3)(G), if a city or
county has declared, pursuant to Public Resources Code section 30005(b)
or Health and Safety Code section 41509(a), that designated beach
burning devices within its boundaries cause a nuisance, as defined in Civil
Code section 3479 or Health and Safety Code section 41700(a), due to
wood smoke exposure, then those devices may not be made available by a
state or local authority.
14 -7
Attachment B - Newport Beach Municipal Code
§11.08.060 Use of Beach Fire Rings.
A. No person shall burn, ignite or otherwise set on fire any material in a fire ring or fire
pit, except natural wood, natural gas, fire log(s), or charcoal.
B. To comply with South Coast Air Quality Management District ( "SCAQMD ") Rule
444, the City Manager may limit or prohibit the burning of all materials in a fire ring or
fire pit, except for a material authorized by SCAQMD provided that the City Manager
notifies the public of this restriction by placing a sign within five hundred (500) feet of the
fire ring(s) subject to this restriction. This subsection (B) shall automatically sunset and
be of no further effect as of November 1, 2016.
C. For purposes of this section, the following terms shall be defined as follows:
1. "Natural wood" means the hard fibrous substance consisting basically of xylem that
makes up the greater part of the stems, branches, and roots of trees and shall not
include any material that has been processed or treated including, but not limited to,
wooden pallets, books, newspapers, furniture, or construction materials.
2. "Natural gas" means any hydrocarbon rich gas naturally found in the atmosphere.
3. "Fire log" means any manufactured log constructed of sawdust; sawdust and
paraffin; or waste fiber from the oil palm.
4. "Charcoal' means a carbon substance obtained as a residue when wood or other
organic matter is heated in the absence of air. (Ord. 2014 -2 §1, 2014)
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